Market Segments Essay

Three good ways to define market segments: (1) Who the customers are; (2) Where they are; (3) How they behave. How does each of these definitions apply to you? Name three market segments of which you could belong. Why? What products or services are you being targeted for? Some of the best ways to define a market segment are: Identifiable: The process should identify one or more relatively homogeneous groups of prospective buyers with regard to their wants and needs and/or their likely responses to differences in the elements of the marketing mix—the 4 Ps (product, price, promotion, and place). (Mullins, 2010) Accessible: The segmentation criteria should measure or describe the segments clearly enough so that members can be readily identified and accessed, in order for the marketer to know whether a given prospective customer is or is not in the tar- get market and in order to reach the prospective customer with advertising or other marketing communication messages. (Mullins, 2010) Sizeable: the segmentation process should determine the size and market potential of each segment for use in prioritizing which segments to pursue. (Mullins, 2010) A part of analyzing market segments is to understand who and where are the customers and why do they differ. Market segments should be formed in that way that difference between buyers within each segment is as small as possible. Segmentation helps marketers’ distinguish one customer group from another within a given market which is geographic area, demographic characteristics, social class, and stage in family life cycle, personality, self-image or benefits. Since every buyer has their own individual needs, preferences, resources etc, it may become a challenge if marketers are looking to cater every customer’s needs. Since I am an athlete, I can be targeted for running shoes of a particular style that provides me with the support and stability that I need when I run. Based on my needs, I am most segmented to be a prospective buyer that is moved by price and promotion, making sure I am getting the best deal for the product that I am interested in. In the end, the product that provides the best bundle of benefits—given the customer’s particular needs— is most likely to  be purchased (Mullins, 2010). Reference Mullins, J. W., Walker, Jr., O. C., & Boyd, H. W. (2010). Marketing management: A strategic decision making approach (7th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Mid-Term Test: American Literature Essay

1) According to the U. S. Declaration of Independence (1776), what are the fundamental rights that all men are born with and cannot be deprived from? a) Freedom, Equality and Democracy b) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness c) Life, Freedom and Equality d) Freedom, Equality and the Pursuit of Happiness . 2) Which of the followings is NOT true about American culture? a) It is racially and ethnically diverse b) It is influenced by Native American, Asian and Polynesian cultures among others. c) Cultural patterns are exactly the same throughout the whole country. d)  British culture contributes greatly to its formation. . 3) Which of the following authors doesn’t belong to the ‘Lost Generation’? a) Ernest Hemingway B) HARPER LEE C) F. SCOTT FITZGERALD d) Gertrude Stein . 4) In your own words, briefly explain what you understand about the Iceberg Theory and The THEORY OF OMISSION IN E. HEMINGWAY’S WRITING STYLE? HOW DID HEMINGWAY’S EXPERIENCE IN WORLD War I influence his works? Correct answer not provided. 5) In the short story Soldier’s Home by Ernest Hemingway, Krebs has to face the following problems EXCEPT: a) He doesn’t have enough money to start a new life. B) HE CANNOT INNITIATE A RELATIONSHIP WITH ANY GIRLS. C) HIS FAMILY MAKES HIM DO THINGS HE DOESN’T WANT TO. d) He cannot reconnect with his old life before the war. . 6) In the short story University Days, what issue in the college education system did James Thurber want to point out when he mentioned the story that happened to the football player during Economics Class? a) The lack of fairness in the system. b) The lack of consideration for students’ individual abilities and differences. c) The lack of practicality in some lessons. d) The lack of proper management in the classroom. 7)IN THE NOVEL THE COLOR PURPLE BY ALICE WALKER, ALL OF THE FOLLOWINGS ISSUES ARE MENTIONED EXCEPT a) The inequality between black people and white people b) Sexist views on gender roles in the family and society c) The abuse of power by authoritative figures d) Competitive relationships among siblings . 8) BRIEFLY ANALYZE THE REASONS WHY CELIE ENDURES THE ABUSE BY HER STEP-FATHER AND HUSBAND without defending herself or fighting back. How does she overcome these hindrances to become an independent woman in the end? Correct answer not provided. 9) THE PULITZER PRIZE IS AN AWARD FOR ACHIEVEMENTS IN: a) Literature, musical composition and drama B) POETRY, ONLINE JOURNALISM AND MUSICAL PERFORMANCE c) Fiction, journalism and social activities d) Online journalism, musical composition and literature . 10) In the short story ‘A good man is hard to find’ by Flannery O’Connor, what does The Misfit mean WHEN HE SAYS ‘†SHE WOULD OF BEEN A GOOD WOMAN IF IT HAD BEEN SOMEBODY THERE TO SHOOT HER every minute of her life. † ? a) The Grandmother should have been taught to behave like a lady. b) The Grandmother only became a decent human when she is threatened with death. c) The Grandmother needed someone to control her throughout her life d) The Grandmother didn’t deserve to live. . 11) In ‘Brokeback Mountain’, why didn’t Ennis agree to leave and start a new life with Jack? You can choose more than one answer (however, wrong choices will cost you marks). a) He is concerned about financial issues. B) HE IS AFRAID THAT JACK’S MARRIAGE WOULD BE DAMAGED C) HE IS OBSESSED WITH AN INCIDENT FROM HIS CHILDHOOD. d) He doesn’t like living on a ranch. e) He is worried about the judgement of other people. f) He fears for his safety. g) He is still responsible for his daughters. . 12) WHAT DOES BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN MEAN TO THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE STORY WITH THE SAME NAME by Annie Proulx? a) The freedom to live as their true selves b) A reminder of their youthful days c) A place where they have no responsibilities and obligations d) The place where they go every year for their trips . 13) IN THE NOVEL LOVE STORY BY ERICH SEGAL, WHAT IS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTIC OF THE relationship between Oliver Barrett IV and his father? a) Oliver is always jealous of his father for his achievements in sports b) Oliver hates the pressure and expectation that his father put on him c) Oliver wishes that his father would spend more time talking to him d) Oliver wishes that his father would provide him with more money. . MATCH THE AUTHORS WITH THEIR WORKS (BY WRITING DOWN THE LETTERS OF YOUR CHOICES) 14) B ERNEST HEMINGWAY 15) e J. D. Salinger 16) c Mark Twain 17) a F. Scott Fitzgerald 18) d Harper Lee . A) THE GREAT GATSBY b) A Farewell to Arms c) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn d) To Kill a Mocking Bird e) Catcher in the Rye . —————————————— THIS IS THE END OF THE TEST. GOOD LUCK!

Police Ethics and Deviance Essay

This paper intends to define ethics and briefly discuss its role in policing. It also aims to talk about the ethical standards in policing. Last but not least, it will also cover the deviant behaviors, as well as, its effects. Ethics Defined Ethics is technically defined as â€Å"the practical, normative study of the rightness and wrongness of human conduct† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 292).   It is upon which conduct is based (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 292). It determines whether or not an act is morally correct (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 292). Nature of Ethics and Its Role in Policing Meanwhile, with regards to the nature of ethics being a standard of moral correctness, it contributes largely in policing (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 292).   Explaining further, without ethics, a police officer will not be able to carry out critical thinking; it is only through ethical decision-making that he will arrive with the best solutions to any issue he or she is faced with (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 292).   In addition to that, through ethics police officers tend to become honest and when they stay honest they are, as well as, their respected departments are respected which allow their team to â€Å"recognize their full potential† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 292). See, ethics is really important to policing because it helps police officers do â€Å"good† and the carry out the â€Å"right acts† all the time (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). Ethical Standards in Policing In fact, to keep the police force doing good and the right thing, the department has come up with ethical standards in policing (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). These include the following: The first one is known as the â€Å"organizational value systems† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). This has been produced so that police officers are taught the correct behaviors that they ought to instill in themselves (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). It serves as a guide as to what behaviors are correct and ethical (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). The second is technically referred to as the â€Å"oath of office† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). This is like a promise made by the police officers that they will act according to the laws/rules/etcetera stipulated in the oath (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). The third is technically known as the â€Å"Law Enforcement Code of Ethics† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). This one is disseminated by the â€Å"International Association of Chiefs of Police† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). The last which the police force is obliged to follow also is the â€Å"US Constitution† (US Supreme Court, 2008, n.p.). Of course, the â€Å"Bill of Rights† go along with the aforementioned as well (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). Both are known to be the basis of police ethics because of its â€Å"lawful† character; lawful indeed, since it is a collection of the â€Å"US Supreme Court, Federal, State Criminal Laws, as well as, Codes of Criminal Procedure† (US Supreme Court, 2008, n.p.). Deviant Behaviors and Its Effects However, it cannot be denied that despite so many ethical standards utilized and implemented by the police force, there are still some who do not accept and follow it (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 293). Some of the deviant behaviors committed and its effects are the following: A) Police Corruption â€Å"Police corruption† is technically defined as â€Å"an act involving the misuse of authority by a police officer in a manner designed to produce personal gain for himself or others† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 296). Examples of police corruption are the following: 1) receiving money from â€Å"loan sharks, hijackers, etc†; 2) receiving money, free food, free accommodations, etcetera in exchange for services rendered; 3) accepting money in exchange of classified information provided to â€Å"criminals or private investigation firms†; 4) accepting payment in exchange of not having parking and traffic violators summoned; 5) etcetera (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 295). As expected corruption brings about negative effects and these include the following: 1) it only motivates others to practice corruption also especially if police officers realize that there is a slight possibility of getting caught; 2) the police department is affected and the public’s respect for it is lost; and last but not least 3) people will no longer respect the police officers and will not follow the rules implemented by them eventually as well (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 300). B) Police Misconduct Police misconduct is also included in the list of deviant behaviors committed by some of the police officers (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 303). This entails: â€Å"the use of illegal drugs; alcohol abuse; abuse of authority; sexual violence; as well as, domestic violence† (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 303). The effect of this is just like in the first deviant behavior discussed wherein people tend to lose their trust on the police force and eventually carry out deviant behaviors as well (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 303). C) Police Brutality Police brutality is also one of the deviant behaviors committed by some of the police officers (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 308). This is defined as the unfair and extreme use of force on suspects and other criminals (Mangan, 2000, n.p.). The effects of such include: 1) psychological trauma for the victim; and 2) he or she will later turn out to be rebellious and revengeful (Dempsey et. al., 2005, p. 308).

Histology of the Liver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Histology of the Liver - Essay Example Being one of the largest glands in the body, the liver has a complex and intricate histology and any disruption of structure can lead to derangements in function. This report discusses the process of two different staining techniques used to visualize both normal and abnormal liver histology and discusses the findings obtained in light of knowledge of liver physiology and pathology. In order to examine the histology of the liver and to elucidate whether the patient was suffering from any liver pathology, in particular hemochromatosis, three sections of the liver obtained via biopsy, labeled A, B and C had been provided to be tested. These sections had been cut from paraffin wax embedded tissue block. Amongst these, section B had been provided as a control section to test the proper functioning of the stains being used. Prior to the commencement of staining, all three sections were de-waxed in order to remove the paraffin wax from the sections and to ensure the proper hydration of the provided tissues. This was achieved via mounting all three slides into a dry staining rack and then placing the slides in to different solutions placed in six different tanks consecutively for 2 minutes each. Amongst these 6 tanks, the first three contained Xylene, following which the slides had to be placed in tanks containing Ethanol, 100% industrial methylated spirits (IMS) and 70 % IMS, in the aforementioned order. The slides were then rinsed with tap water and distilled water, respectively. The slides were then left in distilled water till the time they were stained with either H and E or Prussion Blue. While mounting the slides on the staining rack, steps were taken in order to ensure that the rack was dry as a wet rack would have caused water being deposited in Xylene. The next step was to stain the slides with H and E. To achieve this, the slide marked C was placed in haematoxylin solution for 5 minutes after which it was rinsed with distilled water. It was then dipped in

Design and facitilities Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Design and facitilities - Coursework Example On run time the active directory picks on a 2008 or 2003 windows server incorporated with a windows 2000 server domain controller. The interface usage however will require a windows vista, XP, 2000 or NT software platform to run. Developers intending to use the directory will need to install a software development platform kit to be able to link up with other tools that are offered by the system. The software needed for the restaurant would be in two parts defines, the typical installation and custom installation. The typical installation include at least a windows operating system service pack one and above and windows server 2003. The custom installation on the other hand is involved with installation of the server and client stations which basically requires client server software such as SQL server 2000 with service pack one and above. The active directory once up and running will be able to track everything as an object since it captures many items which may share the same attributes. The structure of the directory takes up the hierarchical way where objects are divided into two broad categories being resources and security principals, resources being items such as printers and security principals being used to control the access and security log in explains (Paradi, 24). From here each schema that is needed can be used in different class objects its objects enabling extension and modification where necessary. As with many assigned codes changing of the objects may lead to changing the structure that is set for the active directory itself and proper planning should be done before the consideration is made. The design gives a platform that is more user friendly compared to the previous one that was being used by the company. It has been designed to access features from different network providers giving the environment for easy management of network resources. The interface enables administrators to add new users, manage printing

Choose one of the following Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Choose one of the following - Assignment Example For instance, the red colour is widely used to signify either a warning or passion in the cultures of the western civilization, while green is believed to be a colour of nature and the colour of harmony. Garments and accessories can serve another language that conveys things about individuals. Therefore, meaning gets formed not just by purely linguistic signifiers, e.g. written words, but also through images as well as different non-linguistic sounds. With reference to this, images function as similar means to language (Marshall & Werndly, 2002: 36). Signification, which is understood as the process of reading signs, involves denotation and connotation. (Marshall & Werndly, 2002: 16). Denotation is about the text comprehension and its interpretation via decoders, while it also relates to pertinent codes. In decoding, it is assumed that every reader is actively involved in the meaning construction rather than merely takes the meaning out of the text. Connotation describes a range of socio-cultural associations which appear as readers decode the text (Chandler,

Selective Abortion Of Female Fetuses In India Creating Gender Essay

Selective Abortion Of Female Fetuses In India Creating Gender Imbalance Crisis - Essay Example Indian activists estimate that as many as 8 million unborn females were aborted over the past decade due to pressurization of mothers to produce only boys. Amendments in the present law seek to make families equally liable for selective abortion of female fetuses since they go to clinics performing sex-selection tests initiating the process of sex selection and female feticide. Although the overall abortion rate in India is lower than that seen in many other countries, selective abortion of girls is higher and on the rise since girls die at twice the rate of boys before they reach the age of five. In some Indian families, girls are seen as economic burdens for the family whereas boys can become earners and care for their parents when they become elderly. The high abortion rate of female fetuses has rendered a dramatic gender imbalance in India. A woman is blamed for producing a female child since she's not keeping the family name. She then faces desertion, discrimination and violence . If the mother go for abortion, she will too be threatened by her family and husband hence difficulties by the Indian government of whom to criminalize for the abortion. The fundamentals of female empowerment will be absolutely tampered with. Gender imbalance as a result of the abortions of female fetuses is also a menace in China. In India, there are 7.1 million fewer girls than boys up to the age of six while in China; boys are also more than girls by 32 million under the age of 20. This gender imbalance will lead to millions of men unable to get wives especially the poor. Indian government must therefore increase the value of women and girls in society in order to reduce selective abortion as stated by Dr. Raj. Selective abortion of female fetuses in India dates to the tradition of male preference. ... Male preference often focuses on economics whereby girls are viewed as economic burdens for their families whereas boys can become earners and provide for their respective families. Traditionally, boys are a source of protection and care to their parents when they become elderly whereas girls will care for the families of those they marry. A girl is often viewed as a financial burden in some Indian families because when a girl is married off, the families of the groom demand a dowry payment which is illegal in India but still widely practiced (Seguino 1228). As a result, this take of girl child in India has led to creation of gender imbalance due to selective abortion of female fetuses. According to reports of the Daily Telegraph newspaper of Britain, Indian activists estimate that as many as 8 million unborn females were aborted over the past decade due to the pressurization of mothers to produce only boys. A mother is therefore blamed for producing a female child and faces desertio n, discrimination and even violence to some extent for punishing the family. Census reports in India also show that over the 50 year period from 1961 to 2011, the number of girls born per 1000 boys dropped from 976 to 914 creating a dramatic gender imbalance (Seguino 1221-2). Since Indian men already outnumber women by almost 10 million, there is demand to abolish abortions which occur every day as stated by Uttar Pradesh. Indian government and authorities have launched the fight against selective abortion of female fetuses. Entire families who pressure their female relatives into aborting female fetuses may be imprisoned together with the medical professionals who perform ultrasound tests to determine a

Corporate Valuation and Strategy ASSIGNMENT 3 VALUATION OF H. J. HEINZ

Corporate Valuation and Strategy 3 VALUATION OF H. J. HEINZ COMPANY AS OF APRIL 29, 2012 - Assignment Example The company’s products are manufactured and packaged in line with the required customer standards to provide safe and wholesome foods to the consumers. Numerous products are prepared from the company’s developed recipes (ANNUAL REPORT, 7) The process of food preparation includes a clear-cut selection of ingredients and prompts inspection it is imperative to note that the products are prepared through numerous ways, which include sterilization, fermentation, blending, homogenization, pasteurization, freezing, chilling drying and labeling. More over, the quality assurance processes are premeditated for each product and applied for quality and compliance with applicable laws. A wide range of raw materials is considered for production of the food products of this company. During the fiscal year 2012, the company is reported to have invested in productivity initiatives intended to increase manufacturing efficiency and effectiveness. This is intended for immense acceleration of the general productivity on the international scale (ANNUAL REPORT, 6). Some of the initiatives included the closure of numerous factories across the globe and decrease in the global labor force. The products of the company are sold through own sales organizations and independent agents or distributors which include retailers, manufacturers, bakeries, mass merchants and food service distributors, restraints and hotels. The intensive compliance of the company with the national, state and may be local government provisions has not caused significant effects on the budget, particularly on the capital expenditures, earnings or cutthroat position of the company. It is fundamental to note that, the company’s estimates on capital expenditures for the milieu control facilities for the remaining part of 2013 and the succeeding fiscal year are not material and no expectations has been hinted to affect the earnings in a material way (ANNUAL REPORT, 9). The Company maintains a regular trend of

Supervisor Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supervisor Development - Essay Example also make my team members feel rewarded and research has it that an employee’s motivation depends on this expectation that his/her efforts will lead to a valued reward (Mathis, Jackson, & Valentine, 2013, p. 127). I aim to develop a hands-on leading style which would not be about supervision alone, but also turning difference of opinion into quality performance. As a conscientious supervisor, I also believe that developing a solid relationship with team members is exceedingly important. This is where human relations skills could offer real value. I will try to refine my skills in this area by using the tool of good communication. I will relate with my team members in a way that would make them feel like they are being positively influenced instead of being forced to comply with orders. Skills based on participative leadership and good relationship will enable me in supervising my team because they both promote supervision based on

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Assignment Example The living things respond to the environment mainly through the receptors that responds to stimuli; a stimulus is a kind of energy such as chemical energy and sunlight energy. When a substance is highly concentrated outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell, diffusion or osmosis takes place thus enabling them to multiply (Deising, 23). From the above description, it is clear that CukE and Milk enabled the cells in the culture dish to multiply since the reindeer cells were activated. To illustrate this further a given fluid that can either be containing high concentration of salt or sugar outside a cell is likely to enter the cell if the cell is lowly concentrated. A given change in the blood sugar level is described as a deviation from homeostasis that the body works in order to reverse. Due to the fact that different receptors respond to different stimuli thus causing changes in the cell, the reindeer cells were therefore stimulated by the milk to multiply. ... ion of ciliate protozoa in the year 1895 as he made a comparison between the reindeer that originated from domestic ruminant and the reindeer from the zoological garden in Germany. He concluded that both were the same, Lubinski who worked in Northern Canada with the caribou (Starr, 87) further proved these results in 1958. The UV rays originating from the sun usually have an effect on the reindeer cells in one way or another as it is described in the book of Acts Climate Impact Assessment – Scientific report`. This is well illustrated as follows; various studies have shown that the exposure of enhanced UV radiation interferes with the growth of cells whereby the larger cells are inhibited to a larger extent as compared to the smaller ones (Karentz et al). Other scientists such as Vincent and Laurion further made an evaluation in 1998 that the smaller cells resisted the UV rays on a great deal as compared to the large cells. The UV rays inhibit photosynthesis from taking place within the cell because it interferes with the whole process (Starr, 426). Therefore, the UV rays have the ability to destroy the reindeer cells thus reducing their number. The UV rays in connection to the DNA Damage Checkpoint Genes might have also played a big role in this context by lowering down the number of cells. With reference to the book of checkpoint Controls and Cancer`, it is described as a signal cascade that plays a big role in blocking the cell cycle at the metaphase, G1, G2 and in slowing down the DNA replication rate in phase S. Apart from the cell cycle blockage, the cells also respond in many different ways such as DNA repair, apoptosis and in the activation of the transcription. However, many genes have damaged the DNA checkpoint pathways (Holzapfel &Naughton, 125). As soon

Smoking in ads Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoking in ads - Essay Example THESIS STATEMENT The thesis intends to argue on the fact that most advertising is made towards raising the usage of various products and on the same time, warning the viewers regarding the destructive behavior of smoking that can have unfavorable impacts upon the societal well-being at large. DISADVANTAGES OF SMOKING One of the common themes that many anti-smoking advertisements are based on intends to showcase the disadvantages of smoking on the health of the consumer. As depicted in these advertisements, the possibility of the smokers to suffer from several diseases, which can even cause significant threat to their lives. It is quite obvious that smoking affects both the physical along with the mental state of the regular consumers causing threat to various diseases. Theoretically, smoking is regarded as the habit or the action of inhaling the smoke of a tobacco or a particular drug. It is worth mentioning that smoking affects the physical state of an individual through the formati on of numerous diseases like emphysema, lung cancer and respiratory or heart diseases. At certain times, most of these diseases result in causing death of the individuals due to excessive smoking. Based on the above discussion, it can be affirmed from a broader understanding that negative consequences are observed from excessive smoking. Apart from affecting the physical state of an individual, smoking also affects the mental state of the regular abusers as well. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the biological factors engaged in smoking eventually affect an individual’s mental state by a considerable extent. It can be affirmed in this regard that the regular doses of a substance i.e. nicotine present in cigarettes eventually leads toward extensive changes in the individual’ brain, resulting in affecting their mental state at large (Mental Health Foundation, â€Å"Smoking and Mental Health†). Thus, showcasing these disadvantages of smoking, a ffecting the physical along with the mental state of regular abusers, anti-smoking advertisements tend to generate significant impacts on societal awareness against such destructive behaviors. SECOND HAND SMOKERS Another theme addressed in anti-smoking advertisements emphasizes the negative consequences faced by second hand smokers. In general, it can be affirmed that unavoidable smoking effects pertain not only on the abusers but also upon the second hand smokers breathing in the same air and therefore, reside within the periphery to be directing affected by the tobacco smoke. With this similar concern, secondhand smoking affects the lives of the individuals in the form of deteriorating their mental along with physical health. Conceptually, the notion of secondhand smoke is typically observed as the mixture of smoke that results from the burning end of a particular cigarette and also the smoke, which is exhaled by the smokers. It is quite evident that secondhand smoking distresses the people around the abusers in the form of causing several health related problems, even lung cancer. These problems may be related to respiratory along with ear infections, severe attacks of asthma and lung cancer among others. It can be apparently observed in this similar concern that the inhalation of secondhand

Final Project Outline Essay Example for Free

Final Project Outline Essay 1. Slide One (Introduction): â€Å"Should there be a set of uniform moral standards?† Speaker Notes: With the way the worlds is today and as the younger kids begin to mature, they have not been taught morals and if they have been taught morals, they seem to leave them at their door step as they venture out into the world of society. In order for society to live in peace and harmony, the United States would need to create uniform moral standards where everyone would have the expectation of abiding by the standards supported by laws. 2. Slide two: Moral Standards Speaker Notes: Morals are described as how people should behave when it comes to right and wrong. Some moral standards could be absolutely no prejudice, absolutely no lying, and people must treat other people with respect and courtesy. 3. Third slide: Levels of punishment. Speaker Notes- Levels of punishment should vary based on the crime committed. When one has a first time offense, one should receive a lower level punishment verse someone who continues to be a repeat offender, which would deserve the maximum punishment. I strongly believe that if a set of uniform moral standards were put into place the world would be a better place. Crime and corruption would be down. Maybe they should think about the way that foreign countries have a â€Å"set of uniform moral standards,† such as if someone is caught stealing they lose a finger. There will always be people who will disagree to the standards but that is to be expected because some people just are set in there ways but that comes with the territory and they deal with the issues now so what would be the difference? 4. Fourth slide: Deciding Moral Standards Speaker Notes- Based on a voting system, a sheet containing morals standards would be dispersed and the ones that not voted for would be taken off the sheet. After a final review and decision, the U.S. would forward the sheet to Congress for a concrete decision and then become a law. 5. Fifth slide: Society and Moral Standards Speaker Notes: Society and Moral Standards would have to be implemented and given a chance to work before a proper judgment could be decided. Until this happens they would be looked at in a negative way. Even though our country is in an economic crisis, others are still moving here because their country is in worse shape than ours. With the way of the world today people are just walking around in a self-centered mode worrying about them and having no conscience of their moral or ethical accountability. Negativity seems to plague this world like a man-made disease. 6. Sixth slide: Retribution Speaker Notes: This seems to be the only way to get people to understand what is going on. Standards have to be set and followed and if they are not followed or laws are broken then the responsible parties that are disobedient to the laws or standards have to be held accountable and punished to be taught a lesson and possibly send a message to future people who intend to do the same. 7. Seventh slide: The Supreme Court Speaker Notes: Beings that the Supreme Court is the highest ranking court in the U.S., having them make the final decision on moral standards will send the message that the standards are set in stone and are not open for review. This gives the people a chance to vote and set their own standards that they themselves have voted in and must abide by. 8. Eighth slide: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Speaker Notes: Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) created the â€Å"Categorical Imperative†, in which he believed that practical reasoning, free will, and necessary action are what drives a person to do what they feel is right. 9. Ninth slide: John Locke (1632-1704) Speaker Notes: The freedom of religion and natural rights was promoted and endorsed by John Locke who was a huge activist. He felt that survival continued to breathe because of following God’s law that coincides with a  natural moral law. He was a firm believer of â€Å"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.† If people continue to live right then eventually God’s law will prevail. 10. Tenth slide: St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Speaker Notes: St. Aquinas was a Christian who made the Five Ways. These ways were a way that this philosopher looked to prove that God was real. Being a believer in God this philosopher had faith in what was right and what was wrong. Cosmological argument, moral argument, and the argument of design made up the Five Ways that this philosopher created. 11. Eleventh slide (conclusion): Speaker Notes: I strongly believe that if a set of uniform moral standards were put into place the world would be a better place. Crime and corruption would be down. Maybe they should think about the way that foreign countries have a â€Å"set of uniform moral standards,† such as if someone is caught stealing they lose a finger. There will always be people who will disagree to the standards but that is to be expected because some people just are set in there ways but that comes with the territory and they deal with the issues now so what would be the difference? No matter where we go in this world there will be people who have good morals, bad morals, and some just will not care. The bottom line is as a living species on this earth one must be able to improvise, over come, and adapt to their surroundings whether it is to their benefit or not. Moore Bruder, 2008 Retrieved September 15, 2010 from Axia College PHI105 website

Lim Goh Tong

Lim Goh Tong The person who I admire most is Lim Goh Tong, and thus i had choosen him for my Malaysian Studies term paper topic. There are many great things of Lim Goh Tong that I always admire. He is not only a hardworking person, but also a smart businessman who do the right thing at the right time, I think its safe to say the greatest businessman in Malaysia. Lim Goh Tong was raised in an lower middle-class home, a rustic environment in a village, and was forced to leave school at 16, but yet this didnt hold him back in achieving his dream. Malaysians, especially the young generation, have a lot to learn from Lim Goh Tong. His spirit and courage in meeting challenges have enabled him to rise from nobody to somebody. Even without the advantages of higher education, he has proven that nothing is impossible. 2. Parents and Background He was born in 1918 in Anxi, a county in the region of Quanzhou, Fujian Province. Anxi is well-known for its Oolong tea, and Tiegunyin. His forefathers originated from Penglai, Fujian. At an early time, they migrated to Anxi and settled down there. His grandfather was Lim Mei Chow. His father, Lim Shi Quan, was the eldest of four boys in the family. The other boys were Lim Mo Zi, Lim Mo Sen and Lim Mo Jin. Like Lim Goh Tong, his father and grandfather was an upright man, loved and respected by anyone. His mother, Goh Ban, did not come from a rich family. But she always had the principle of being a good wife and mother. A gentle, affable lady with strong religious beliefs, she loved her family deeply and set a great store by proper upbringing for her children. His father own a business of dealing in vegetable seeds, rabbits and other items, while his mother took care of her seven children. Despite her bound feet, she had to do a lot of heavy work. But she never complained. The couple worked perfectly as a team, in line with the age-old Chinese thinking that the man should take charge of external affairs and the woman, domestic matters. A good parental teachings is very important that could affect a childs life through his behaviour and attitude. Same goes to Lim Goh Tong, his parent had been tirelessly teaching them with traditional Chinese virtues. They kept telling him the importance of hardworking and perseverance. Such parental teachings have a big impact on him and he always have the thought of once he make a commitment to do something, he must try his best to accomplish it. His parent frequently says: Do good to others and youll be rewarded somehow. this has been locked in his mind always, making him a humble man that respected by everyone that works with him. 3. Origin of His Name Lim Goh Tong The name Goh Tong is Fujuan dialect, in Chinese it would be Wu Tong, meaning the parasol tree. According to southern Chinese legend story, the phoenix, the legendary king of the birds, would rest only on wutong trees. There is even a saying of planting a wutong tree to attract phoenix for good fortune. His parents name him after wutong tree was to hoped to bring Lim Goh Tong a good fortune. 4. His Childhood The 1911 Revolution led by Sun Yat Sen that brought an end to Chinas long history of imperial dynasties. Fortunately, his life was relatively sheltered in village, his family was a warm and happy one, he had a happy childhood and opportunity to start studying the Chinese classics at the age of six, when he was not studying, he used to help his father selling vegetable seeds, tea leaves and other goods by the roadside or in the neighboring town of Yongchun. But disaster strucked, his father passed away when he was 16. With the lost of his father, he was forced to leave school. As the oldest son, he had to take over the heavy burden of feeding seven mouths in the family. After getting over the shock and pain of losing his father, he took over his trading business, he faced all sorts of problems. On his first day of business in Yongchun, he had failed to make even a single sale. Life as seed seller was tough. He had to leave home before dawn everyday and walk all the way to Yongchun. Two years passed. He managed to save up about 100 dollars. But due to continuing of civil war came the threats of banditry in his native place. Faced with security problem and declining business, he decided to give up trading to work as a carpenter. This was to be his line for next two years. In the meantime, the situation in China was becoming more and more worrying. Apart from suffering the turmoil from fighting between warrng factions, the people were bracing themselves for a Japanese invasion. As it became increasingly difficult to support a family, many people were head to Nanyang for better opportunity. 5. Head to Malaya Follow his forth uncle footstep, Lim Mo Jin, who had emigrated to Malaya many years earlier and started a contracting business, was already a successful Class A contractor in Kuala Lumpur, he decided to venture out to Malaya and asked his mother if she would lend him part of the money for traveling expenses. And she agreed. In 1937, the year the Japanese staged the Lugouqiao / Marco Polo Bridge Incident (a battle between the Republic of Chinas National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army.). He set off for Malaya with a small suitcase and 175 dollars 100 from his mother and 75 from his own savings. He was 20 years old then. After sailing the South China Sea for eight days, he landed in Singapore, and left 120 dollars. He stayed for two days with his eldest sister before leaving for Kuala Lumpur by train. Kuah Shai Hai, elder brother of his eldest sisters husband, paid for his train ticket and also gave him two dollars for pocket money. In Kuala Lumpur, he lived with his fourth uncle, Lim Mo Jin, and worked for him as a carpenter. He was paid on a daily-wage basis. That meant earning 80 cents a day when there was work and nothing when there was none. Despite his low income, he managed to save up some money to send to his mother every month. In the mean time, he learn Malay Language while working for his uncle. After two-year stint with his uncle, he decided that with the experience he gained, he decided to start out as a building sub-contractor. His first job was to build a two-storey school at the 9th miles, Cheras Road, Kuala Lumpur. He completed the job successfully and made a profit of more than 100 dollars. Three years passed by quickly, he decided to take a risk in returning home. On 29th November 1940, he left for Xiamen by sea via Singapore and continued his journey home by way of Tongan. By then, the Japanese had overrun Xiamen but Tongan remained in the hands of the Nationalists. To avoid trouble, the ship he was sailing on flew the Japanese flag when it entered Xiamen waters and switched to the Chinese flag as soon as it was out of the sphere of Japanese control. He was arrived in Anxi safely. He worked as carpenter in his hometown for 7 months and 7 days then only decide to go back Malaya as the war environment was getting worst. As soon as he back to Malaya, the Japanese restr ict travels in and out of Fujian Province, if he were hesitated about leaving, Genting wouldnt have exist now. About four years later, his mom passed away, sadly, he didnt even have the chance to see her for the last time. He arrived in Kuala Lumpur on August 1941, his fourth uncle then made him a foreman to lead on contractor project. 6. Impact of Japanese invaded Malaya As the Sino-Japanese war continue, rumour about Japanese going to attack countries in Southeast Asia were sirred up. To monitor the movements of Japanese warships, the British colonial government in Malaya decided to build an observation tower on a beach in Penang. His fourth uncle was awarded the job after a successful tender. He entrusted Lim Goh Tong with the task of overseeing the project. He left for Penang immediately to make the necessary preparations. But before he could commence work, the Pacific War had broken out and the project was abandoned. He hurried back to Kuala Lumpur as the strong rumours that a Japanese invasion was going to start. Soon after, the Japanese troops landed, swept through the country and began their brutal occupation that lasted three years and eight months. Kuala Lumpur was in terror after Japanese soldiers overran the city in mid Janyary 1942. Lim Goh Tong and his fourth uncle and Aunt was hid in a rubber plantation near Ampang New Village. During the earlier part of the Japanese Occupation, he earned a living as a vegetable farmer, after eight months, he decided to switch to petty trading. By using his previous experience back home, he started by selling tea leaves, Tiger Balm and other goods in and around Kuala Lumpur. Every morning, he would set off on his bicycle, going from one village to another , shouting his wares along the way. In the course of moving around Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, he came into contact with some others from Anxi who were doing well in second-hand hardware trading. After saving up some money, he joined their ranks. Soon with proper management, his business picked up quickly and he managed ti accumulate a good amount of savings. In 1945, towards the end of World War II, a Japanese-owned steel mill in Klang bought a large quantity of scrap iron from him. Before its Japanese manager could settle the account, he was crippled after being involved in a gun battle with anti-Japanese fighters. Meanwhile, the war situation changed and all signs were pointing to an imminent Japanese surrender. Lim Goh Tong was worried as the debt owed by the steel mill would become irrecoverable, so he got someone to help him write letter for the Japanese manager to sign to certify that he had a large stock of unpaid-for scrap iron in the steel mill. This letter would enable him to claim it back from the relevant authorities that would take over the steel mill. The Japanese finally surrender and British troops returned, with the letter signed by the Japanese manager, he succeeded in claiming back hundreds of thousands of dollars as the stock of scrap iron from British authorities. When the British returned to Malaya, they brought along large quantities of machinery such as cranes, bulldozers and concrete mixers for reconstruction of public facilities. Upon completion of various projects three or four years later, they sold the used machinery to citizen. Lim Goh Tong see the opportunity as many abandoned mines and rubber plantations resumed operations, there was an urgent demand for heavy machinery, especially in the mining sector, so he bought many of the second-hand machines on offer, then reconditioning them and giving them a new coat of paint and resold them at two to three times the prices he had paid for them. 7. Construction Company Kien Huat In 1951, he started buying used bulldozers from military airbases in Johor and Singapore then sell it off to British-owned oil factory, iron mining company and contractor to earn the profit of the price differences.. Ever since he started dealing in heavy machinery, Lim accumulated a wide range of reconditioned machines as well as a substantial amount of cash to move into construction and related industries. In the name of his family construction company, Kien Huat Private Limited. It was first name as Huat Kee, until someone told Lim Goh Tong that companies that named themselves xxx Kee were usually small timers without great ambitions. In 1954, Kien Huat completed several government projects, including the construction of a 20-mile road from the Old Klang Road in Kuala Lumpur to the Majestic Cinema in the old town of Petaling Jaya. The project was completed in three years at a cost of $1 million. Kien Huat was awarded a contract by the Kuala Lumpur Municipal government to construct part of a four-mile sewer from the Kuala Lumpur Railway Station to Klang Road. Each sewer section was 10 feet long, six feet in internal diameter and weighed six tons. The project cost $4.1 million. Construction of the other 1.5 miles of the sewer was undertaken by another contractor. It was a challenging project because two contractors has failed to complete the task, the first one had worked on it for only eight months before quitting without succeeding laying even a single sewer section. The second contractor, a reputable British firm that had demanded a price several times the original before agreeing to take over the job, also failed to complete it. It was due to the soil conditions actually, the soil structure contain 80 percent of rock overlaid with sand and a high water table, but Lim Goh Tong successfully completed the project by using gravel pump instead of water pump by keeping the soil dry enough for concrete to work out. After four years of Kien Huat commencement, Kien Huat had proven its capabilities by successfully completing many major projects. In 1955, Kien Huat had upgraded to Class A Contractor, which means it is qualified to undertake public projects of any size. 7.1. Construction of Ayer Itam Dam Project in Penang Of all the projects undertaken by Kien Huat in 1950s, the one that it took the greatest pride in was the Ayer Itam Dam in Penang. It was not only a milestone for the country but also a first for the local construction industry. The $12 million dam was the first to be built in the country; it was also the first time that a local contractor had been given a construction job of such scale. The dam project was commissioned by the Water Works Department of the Penang government to supply drinking water to the islands residents. During the construction of Ayer Itam Dam, accidents do happens. The British consultant engineer was of the opinion the soil structure at the site was strong enough to support without using wooden until reach 10 feet deep. But Lim Goh Tong concern about the workers safety and it was unsafe to carry out excavation without supporting structures to prevent cave-in. Thus, he ignored the British advice and implemented wooden support for safety purposes, and the project p rogressed smoothly. One day, while Lim Goh Tong was away in Kuala Lumpur, the British engineer asked the workers to remove the wooden supports, and disaster struck, the cave-in occurred soon after killed five workers and injured more than 20 others. Lim Goh Tong rushed back immediately and the engineer admitted his mistake and apologised to Lim Goh Tong. The safety measure adopted once again, and the project was alright in the next four years and completed in 1962, which started in February 1957. The Ayer Itam Dam not only solved the drinking water shortage problem for the islanders, but also helped to prevent flooding during monsoon season. 7.2. Construction of Sultan Yahya Putra Bridge Project, Kota Bharu Ever since Kien Huat had upgraded to Class A Contractor, Kien Huat has becoming busier. Apart from building the dam project in Penang, it also constructed the main building, the mosque and hostel of the Teacher Training College at Pantai Valley in Kuala Lumpur. In 1962, Kien Huat was given the job of constructing the Sultan Yahya Putra Bridge in Kelantan. Costing RM5.2 million, the 2800-foot bridge linking Kotha Bharu and Pasir Mas and leading on to southern Thailand. 7.3. Construction of Hydroelectric Project, Cameron Highlands In 1962, Kien Huat had the opportunity to work on the RM20 million hydroelectric project in the Cameron Highlands, Pahang, The mission of Kien Huat was to construct two dams, one at the seventh mile and another at the 14th mile Tapah-Tanah Rata trunk road and four power stations. The project was designed to meet the growing demand for electric power in Kuala Lumpur. Upon completion of the project in 1968, he moved most of his heavy machinery to Kelantan to work on the Kemubu Irrigation Scheme project, which turned out to be an evenful one that almost make Lim Goh Tong to bankrupt 7.4. Construction of Kemubu Irrigation Scheme, Kelantan The Kemubu Irrigation Scheme is the second largest in Malaysia after the Muda Irrigation Scheme in Kedah, it was implemented by the Agriculture Ministry with a Rm30 million loan from the World Bank to enable farmers to carry out cropping on 47,000 acres of rice land in Kelantan. Kien Huat won the contract with a bid of Rm 54 million, a whopping RM 10 million lower than the closest rival bid of RM 64 million. Many in the same trade think that Lim Goh Tong has gone crazy with the huge lose of money, but instead Lim Goh Tong didnt give up but wanted to prove them wrong. The project was a complicated one that called for the construction of a network of some 570 km of criss-crossing irrigation canals. More than nine million cubic yards of irrigation canals. More than nine million cubic yards of earth had to be excavated and 2000 reinforced concrete structures fabricated for diverting water into paddy fields. In addition, they had to build more than 200 bridges that used up some 20000 feet of concrete pipes of diameters ranging from 3 to 6 feet. Based on Lim Goh Tong calculation, he would be able to make RM 3 million from the project. Work commenced on 1st August 1968 after the contract for the project had been signed. The French firm of Sogreah acted as project consultants. In the months that followed, the project face many problems, like delay in the Governments acquisitions of land, thefts of equipment and materials from work sites, severe flooding due to monsoons and the May 13, 1969 incident. Progress of work slowed down greatly. All the problems causes RM5 million loss at the end of the first year and causing financial problem. Just when the problem happened, Mr Chin Sophonpanich, then chariman of Bangkok Bank, gave him an overdraft. At that time his overdraft account with Bangkok Bank was more than RM5 million in the red. Cash flow problems aside, he then continue with his project, but unfortunately at the end of the first year, Kien Huat had managed to complete only five per cent of the project. And thus, the projects consultant was unhappy, and in the next two months, they kept issuing warning letters to Lim Goh Tong. In a single day on 19th August 1969, he received 29 registered letters, all with the same contents saying that they would sue him and make him a bankrupt. Lim Goh Tong decide to hit back and to meet with project manager, telling them the delay of project was created by late land acquisitions from the Government, all proven by documents and hence it is unfair to put the blame on Lim Goh Tong. Lim also make a bet of if he could finish only another five or six per cent of the project after six months, then the project manager could sue him to bankrupt, they have granted him permission to continue with the project then. Lim Goh Tong the scaled down the structures as he found the structure was over design, the consultants too approved his proposal. The change resulted in a much simpler and faster way of working, less than 4 months he had completed about 60 percent of the whole project. And eventually the Kemubu Irrigation was completed on schedule, Kien Huat not only managed to make a profit of RM4 million, but also help the Government save more than RM10 million in costs. 8. Join in Southern Bank While Lim Goh Tong was building the Ayer Itam Dam, he used to get his fuel supply from a petrol station at the foothill. In the view of frequent transactions, He decided, for convenience, to make out a RM 5000 cheque then have his purchases deducted there from, upon depletion of the amount, he would top up with another RM 5000 cheque. By chance, he knew the petrol station boss Tan Sri Loh Boon Siew, a well known Malaysian enterpreneur now. Later, Tan Sri Loh Boon Siew invited Lim Goh Tong to jon him, Low Yat, Tan Seng Kee and Lim Chong in establishing Southern Bank, Penang first local bank. Each of them own 20 per cent stake. Lim Goh Tong stake in the bank was then taken over by Tan Teong Hean, his eldest son-in-law and son of Tan Seng Kee. Today, Southern Bank is one of the 10 core banks in Malaysia. 9. Development of Genting Highlands His idea of developing a mountain reort was not the result of an active search for business opportunities, in fact it was pop up in his mind in one night in 1963. At that time, he was sub-contractor for the Cameron Highlands Hydroelectric Project. That night, he had dinner in Cameron Highlands with the German firms General Manager, chief engineer and nine other people. After a few rounds of liquor, he felt hot and went out for some fresh air, as he stood there taking in the enchanting highland night view, cool breeze blew over him. It was so soothing and refreshing that he just closed his eyes and took a deep breath of mountain air. Then a train of thought ran through his mind. The first thing that struck him was that in tropical Malaysia, everybody likes to retreat to a cool mountain resort for a holiday every noe and then. This could be seen from the popularity of Cameron Highlands with the local as well as foreign tourists. But Cameron Highlands was a good four or give hours drive from Kuala Lumpur and the roads uphill were narrow and winding. He was also convinced that as the standard of living rose steadily in a fast developing Malaysia, more and more people would visit moutain resorts for relaxation and recreation. A Kuala Lumpur resident for many years, he was familiar with the terrain of its surrounding areas. He knew the only likely place to find a mountain high enough for a resort was around Bentong in the east. The moment he returned to Kuala Lumpur, he got hold of a topographical map of the Bentong district and scanned it. Gunung Ulu Kali at a place called Genting Sempah caught his eyes immediately. Within days, he assembled a team to explore the mountain and its surrounding areas. During the expedition that lasted nine days and eight nights, they gathered a wealth of data on the topography, drainage, soil conditions and other relevant aspects of the region. During their survey, they discovered that the little known mountain is in between border of states of Pahang and Selangor. In te latter part of 1963, he began by putting in an application to the Pahang State Government for the land at Genting Sempah for development of a tourist resort. The Bentng District Officer advised him to approach the Federal Government directly as the yalready had a plan to develop Genting Sempah. Tan Sri Haji Mohd Noah bin Omar introduce him to Tunku Abdul Rahman, our first Prime Minister. Tunku Abdul Rahman confirmed that the Government had wanted to develop the mountrain, but the plan had been postponed due to the road of access that require about 15 years to complete. Moreover, the country was confronting with Indonesia. Putting huge amount of funds into the development of a holiday resort at that time would give ammunition to the opposition, thus Tunku Abdul Rahman decided to allow the private sector to carry out the project. After preparing a project paper within a week to Tunku Abdul Rahman, he approved Lim Goh Tong to start the project. On 27th April 1965, Tan Sri Haji Mohamad Noah and Lim Goh Tong incorporated a private company called Genting Highlands Sdn Bhd. For the next five years, they applied to the Pahang and Selangor State Government for 4940 hectares and 1110 hectares of freehold land respectively. With Tunkus recommendation, the Pahang State Government approved their application. However, the Selangor Menteri Besar Datuk Harun Idris would only give the land on a 99-year lease. Lim went to see Datuk Harun and explained to him that he needed a freehold land because it would take 30 to 40 years and enormous investments to build roads, hotels, staff quarters and to install water and electricity supplies in the jungle area. At last, his request has been granted. On 8th August 1965, he led a team of technicians and workers to begin work, the government then agreed to build a telecomunications tower half-way up the mountain for better reception but with condition of the road has to be completed in three years and promised giving RM900,000 subsidy. Since he had to complete it fast, he make his construction team to work in two shifts round the clock, seven days a week. Besides working flat out on the job, he also threw in all the resources and equipment of his family company, Kien Huat, including bulldozers, tractors, air compressors and lorries. To complicated matters, around this time Lim had to start work on th Kemubu Irrigation Scheme in Kelantan, the contract for which he had bid earlier. Supervising and co-ordinatiing the two projects at the same time stretched his physical endurance to the limits. He shuttled between Kuala Lumpur and Kelantan, to him there were no rest days on Sundays and public holidays. Fortunately they did meet the dea dline and receive the promised RM900,000 subsidy, a big amount at that time and a great help to them. There was, however, another problem happen before Gentings official opening. When it was all geared up to commence business in January 1971, Kuala Lumpur and its surrounding areas were hit by the worst rainstorms in a century. The road to Genting was closed by landslides at 180 locations. It took them some four months to repair the damaged sections. Finally, Genting opened its door for business on 8th May 1971. It was a dream come true for Lim Goh Tong 9.1. Development of Genting Casino Lim Goh Tong original vision for the Genting resort was a highland retreat where the old and the young families could come to holiday. On 31st March 1969 when our Bapa Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman made his first visit to Genting Highlands. In his speech, the Tunku said he was moved by Lim effects to develop, without Government help, a highland resort for all Malaysians and thus greatly contribute to the countrys tourism indusry. To help improve Genting to a better tourist spot, Government would consider an application from Genting to operate a casino. On 28th April 1969, Lim submitted his application for a casino licence to the Government through the Tunkus Private Secreatary, Datuk Nik Hassan. Later in afternoon, just six hours after Lim submitted his application, came the good news that it had been approved and he was asked to collect the approval letter, thus, Genting Highlands became the first and only casino licence holder in the country. The May 13th incident happened soon after that, the government stated policy that no more casino licences would be approved. Soon after that, Lim Goh Tong proceeding to Macau to meet Mr Stanley Ho, the owner of Macaus only casino, to discuss the issue of co-operation in running the casino. However, for certain reasons, they did not succeed in reaching an agreement. Two years later, Lim finally struck a deal with Chun Rak Won, the operator of the only casino in Seoul, Korea. They signed a three-year agreement with his company which was to provide the expertise in managing the Genting casino. Unfortunately, the co-opetaion lasted only nine months before it was terminated by mutal consent, Genting took over the entire casino operation, learnt the ropes of the trade over time and eventually mastered the management skills. 9.2. Obtain Pioneer Status from Government Based on an annual taxable income of RM 2 million, Genting would be paying RM800000 income tax every year (the corporate income tax rate then was 40%), or a total of RM4 million for five years. It was critical to the company during the period when it had to invest heavily in resort infrastructure development. A five-year tax holiday would enable Genting to plough back all its profits into developing hotels and other tourist facilities, including a man-made lake, a cable car system, a golf course and the Chin Swee Temple. Upon completion, these facilities would attract more visitors and generate earnings many times what the resert would otherwise be able to. More importantly, the government would have fattened a revenue cow that promised to keep on giving good milk for a long, long time. The officials saw merit in his argument. On their recommendation, Genting was granted a five-year pioneer status with effect from 8th May 1971. It is proved to be a win-win decision. The tax the Gover nment collected from Genting later was far greater than the amount exempted during the tax holiday. 9.3. Development of Gohtong Jaya In 1993, at the suggestion of Dr Mahathir, Genting Development Sdn Bhd, started started developing a township on an 81 hectare piece of land at the seventh milestone of Jalan Genting Highlands, around the site of the Genting Highlands, around the site of the Genting Skyway cable car station. The Prime Minister offered many valuable ideas on the development of the township. Its name, Gohtong Jaya, was chosen with Dr Mahathir. The name Jaya which means success in Bahasa Melayu. 9.4. Development of Chin Swee Temple In 1966, when construction of the access road had reached the site where the Chin Swee Temple stands now, several workers and Lim Goh Tong spent the night in a cave at the end of a hard days work. During his sleep, he dreamt of the Chin Swee god a god widely pray in his native Anxi county in the Fujian Province. Chin Swee god told him kindly that he could stake everything on the development of Genting Highlands because it was a promising land that held a bright future for him. He woke up with renewed confidence and made a secret swear that if he succeeded in developing the resort, he would build a temple. In 1975, he set up a temple-building committee to take charge of the implementation of the project. Work on Phase One of the project started in 1976 and was completed after three years at a cost of RM1.6 million. Lim Goh Tong even made a special trip to Anxi to bring back a statue of the Chin Swee deity which was officially installed in the temple on 20th September 1979. After 18 long years and costing over RM10 million, the Chin Swee Temple was officially opened on 29th March 1994. Chin Swee Temple is now a popular place of praying as well as a tourist attraction of the resort. 10. Origin of the Name Genting Genting Sempah, the orignial name of the place, sounded simple and pleasant enough to Lim Goh Tong and he liked it. However, he found it quite hard to pronounce for the name of a company and a resort, so he decided to drop the second word and retain Genting only. At first, the Chinese name Yin (Silver) Ding (Top) is used, since Cameron Highland in chinese is Jin Ma Lun (Jin means gold). Lim Goh Tong thought that Yin Ding was a fitting choice because it contains the silver, and to the Chinese, jin (Gold) and yin (Silver) symbolising wealth and prosperity. But it turned out many has start criticizing after the name of Yin Ding has put into use, many think Yin Ding doesnt have anything to do with a resort on top of mountain, and it was vulgar to have a name just to associated with gold and silver. At the end, his wife (Lee Kim Hua) suggest to use Yun Ding (Cloud Top) since genting is located on top of a high moutain where people can touch the clouds floating around she said. Yun Ding has been in use ever since. 11. Rest in Peace Lim Goh Tong died on 23 October 2007, at Subang Jaya Medical Centre (SJMC). He is survived by his wife Puan Sri Lee Kim Hua, and their six children and 19 grandchildren. His body was laid to rest at Gohtong Memorial Park at Gohtong Jaya on Monday 29 October 2007 12. Conclusion The story of Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong is an inspiring one, beginning with nothing to his name, he turned difficulties into opportunities, took much calculated risks and confounded sceptics through sheer foresight and perseverance. it gives us a lot of inspiration as we want to become a businessman. He work hard for his entire life to realise his own dream. He success to realise his o

Processing Algorithm For Laser Keyboards Computer Science Essay

Processing Algorithm For Laser Keyboards Computer Science Essay The interface which we use to interact with a computer is a hardware device called the keyboard. There have been drastic changes in the keyboard layouts which have evolved into the designs like those of the DVORAK and QWERTY keyboards. Then came the digital era where almost everything is in the digital form making things simpler to use and smaller in size. As the demand for more computing environments have evolved, new human computer interfaces have been implemented to provide multi-form interactions between users and machines. Nonetheless, the basis for most human to computer interactions remains the traditional keyboard and mouse. Ordinary keyboards are reasonably sized, comfortable and effective. However, they are difficult to carry and often require wiring. To overcome these problems a smaller and more mobile touch typing device has been proposed which does not have any physical support. This device is known as virtual keyboard or zero form factor interface. Introduction In 1999, a proposal was made to use a single tiny sensor to observe the users fingers transforming motions into keystrokes. The main idea was to make a keyboard out of sensors and light, projecting it on desktops, airplane tray tables and any other flat surface. This started a new concept of using a keyboard with a different interface. The virtual keyboard was designed in a way to replace laptops mechanical keyboards, making the devices thinner and lighter. The virtual keyboard is an unbreakable, washable keypad, projected onto a flat surface used in hospital operating rooms, space vehicles and in other computerized environments. Types of Virtual Keyboards 2.1 On Screen keyboard The on-screen keyboard is built in with the windows operating system. This started a revolution of virtual keyboards in this digital era. It allows users with mobility impairments to type data by using a pointing device or joystick. It provides a minimum level of functionality for some people with mobility impairments and also helps users who do not know how to type. It can be used even when there is no external keyboard. It is also referred to sometimes as hot virtual keyboard. A number of advanced features have been enabled to make the on-screen typing easier, faster and more accurate. It lets the users to type accurately and faster by suggesting words based on taps. This technology works similar to the one available in modern mobile phones and communicators, enabling faster and accurate typing by suggesting the correct words after entering a few symbols. This keyboard will be more useful for users of TabletPC, Ultra-mobile PC, PanelPC, CarPC and similar touch-screen devices. The picture below is that of an on-screen keyboard. Figure 1(Tan, D. S., Keyani, P., and Czerwinski, M. 2005) Affordances of On-Screen Keyboard Replacing physical keyboard: The on-screen keyboard is designed in such a way that, it replaces the physical keyboard. The people using the computer systems will find its usage very much helpful. Can do all the work: It functions just like an ordinary keyboard having all the QWERTY keys. It also helps the users from the tedious work of typing. 2.2 Laser Keyboard The laser keyboard actually replaces the traditional keyboard. This can be placed on any kind of flat surface. It can be automatically connected to the nearest device available using the bluetooth technology. It is about the size of a small cellular phone and enables the users to type texts or e-mails as easily as like a ordinary keyboard. It uses a light projection of a full-sized computer keyboard on almost any surface. Used with PDAs and Smart Phones, the virtual keyboard provides a practical way to do e-mail, word processing and spreadsheet tasks, enabling the users to leave laptops and computers at home. The virtual keyboard adaptable technology studies the users finger movements to interpret and record keystrokes. As the virtual keyboard is an image projected by light, it disappears completely when not in use. The picture shown below is that of a laser keyboard. C:Documents and Settingss507046Desktoplaser_keyboard.jpg Figure 2 (Tomasi, C., Rafii, A., and Torunoglu, I. 2003) TECHNICAL ASPECTS: I-Techs opinion was to build everything from scratch. In the process, they designed sensors based on a variety of principles, from the special- purpose structured-light devices called beam trangulators to methods based on the measurement of time and phase1 of returning light pulses invented by Canestas Cyrus Bamji. The main hardware modules used in the architecture of the virtual keyboard are categorized into three modules namely 3-D optical camera, visual feedback and a processing platform. The camera is connected to the platform and to the PC via USB 2.0 interface. Using serial port the feedback communicates with the computer system. The sensors in the camera are designed in such a way that it avoids all other background light. Together, they cost less than a mechanical keyboard, and draw less power than a cell phone. The resulting system feels almost like a mechanical keyboard, even if users feel only the impact of their fingers on the projection surface when typing. The optical system projects the keyboard onto the typing surface; its infrared light source generates an invisible, fan-shaped beam grazing the surface; and its sensing system includes a processing unit. All are in fixed relative positions; no user adjustment is required. The projector is positioned high on the host device. In the simplest sensor, the camera looks down at the typing surface at a shallow angle through a wide lens sensitive only to infrared light. A finger striking the typing surface breaks the infrared beam, thereby becoming visible to the camera. Triangulation then determines the position of the finger on the typing surface. Even with this simple sensor, implementation of the projection keyboard under the constraints of weight, size, power, cost, reliability, and usability has involved formidable technical challenges. Keyboard projection: Most current optical-projection systems mask light to form images at a distance. For instance, in a slide projector, the slide itself blocks part of the light hitting it; the remaining light makes it through the lens and onto the screen, forming the image. This is the basic technique used in the projection of the keyboard on a flat surface. Finger lighting and sensing: When typing, a users useful action occurs in the thin layer of space that separates the hovering and constantly moving fingers from the surface of the keyboard. In a perfect world, an infinitesimally thin sheet of infrared light grazing the typing surface could be used as a trip switch; when a finger intersects the beam, it would also be touching the surface. In this instance, a finger that becomes visible to the camera is a finger that hits a key, and all that is left for the sensor is determining the fingers position by triangulation. Affordances of Laser Keyboard Easy to use: The laser keyboard is very easy to use. It gets connected to an available computer system easily without much effort. Easy to install: It is very easy to install and requires no wiring for it. It uses the Bluetooth technology to get connected to the computer systems. Portable: As it looks like a mobile phone, it is very much portable and is used irrespective of the surface used for typing purposes. It can be used as an ordinary keyboard with adjustable sensors which allow the user to change the size of the keyboard according to his usage. 2.3 Laser Pen Keyboard In the laser pen keyboard the sensors are attached to a device which looks like a pen. The setup also has a projector which displays the keyboard on the screen. When it is integrated with the projector it is merely used as a projecting device which projects just what is being printed on the screen. It can also be connected with a monitor for viewing the display. A picture of the laser pen keyboard is shown below. C:Documents and SettingsS506432DesktopVKBpens5.jpg Figure 3(Retrieved from http://us.gizmodo.com/gadgets/images/laserpen.jpg) Technical interface The sensors in the setup used for projecting the keyboard are the infra red rays. These rays are projected on to a flat surface for better sensing of hovering of the keys. The usage of this keyboard is very convenient as it has no wires to connect. The lithium batteries in the sensors allow us to use this setup continuously for 2 hours of typing. It comes with 63 keys and a full size QWERTY layout which allows the user to be as comfortable as he is with the standard ordinary keyboard. This also has a stylus which allows the users to use the keyboard in a compact area where the resizing of the keyboard becomes a necessity. One of the advantages of using this keyboard is that the size of the keyboard can be altered as per the user. Affordances of Laser Pen Keyboard Simple to use: The setup for the laser pen keyboard is very simple to use. This makes the users to perform tasks in a simpler way. Laser pen keyboard can be connected to any computing device to perform input actions for the device. Connection can be made without using wires or any physical network. Screen Projection: Laser pen keyboard not only has a keyboard projection but also has a screen projection. One pen does the keyboard projection with numbers of keys on keyboard and the other pen does the screen projection which shows the keys which are selected and also actions done on the keyboard. Working of Laser Keyboards: The working of the virtual keyboard consists of five main modules (1) depth map error correction, a camera dependent module based on specific models designed for the range camera, (2) background subtraction, (3) central column estimation, (4) fingertip detection, and (5) keystroke detection. The figure shows the complete working of the basic working implemented in the design of the virtual keyboards. Figure 4(Huan Du, Thierry Oggier, Felix Lustenberger and Edoardo Charbon 2004) A 3D range camera is placed over the input surface with a well-defined angle facing the working area. The size of the working area is limited by the spatial resolution of the camera. The display projector is mounted on the camera which would generate the visual feedback for the keyboard and input information. The camera is adjusted at startup. It assumes the surface as a projection matrix. The keystroke detection is usually done through this projection matrix. This is passed as a map and is processed for error correction. The error correction compensates the errors caused by the unevenness of the surface. The rectified range measurements, combined with gray-scale image, are then subtracted from the reference image. It is then stored as a binary format in the matrix formed. After applying the central column estimation, which is defined as the pixel segments associated with fingers that are good candidates for an event, by searching the local extreme in x-coordinate along the hand boundary, and applying the fingertip detection by extracting features with curve modeling, precise location of fingertips can be found in the hand region. Finally, the keystroke detection is obtained by fitting depth curve applying another feature model, and the corresponding hitting positions are mapped back to the world coordinate system to infer the stricken keys. The updated key status is then sent to visual feedback module to generate refreshed display. The visual feedback module projects a dynamically generated image on to a LCD. When the algorithm used, detects a key-striking event on the surface, an UPDATE command is sent. The command contains the specific key information. It updates the generated display and the user can see the change of keyboard image as a textual or graphical update. The information supplied by the camera allows developing a few simpler and more efficient algorithms to estimate the position of fingertips and to locate the corresponding key. Simplicity and efficiency are key elements to enable real-time and even portable applications. Future and Scope of the Project: Users see this as an emerging technology which helps as an interface to connect to the digital world. Though its use is being restricted to fewer applications now, as users learn more about this, it can be expected that users for this virtual keyboard increase in the near future. However there are a few challenges in this project. The main disadvantage is that of light scattering and close target. And due to this the image resolution becomes low and restricts the user to use it with a large view window. In the future, we may expect that the above said disadvantages will be solved and virtual keyboard will be used on flat surfaces and also on uneven surfaces. The keyboard could also be used on any type of surface like water and so on, so that the user can use the keyboard when ever and where ever necessary. CONCLUSION: More than a decade ago, (Mark Weiser,2000) of Xerox PARC, said, The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it. This fundamental unobtrusiveness is the main metric of validity for the fledgling field of electronic perception technology. The virtual keyboard can be termed a great invention in the digital world. Users look forward for it being used in a more effective way than before. Users also can expect the inventors to make an advancement of it in such a way that it can be used on any kind of a surface.

America Must Take an Interventionist Role in Foreign Policy Essay

The people of the African country of Somalia are in critical need of help. The years are 1991-1992, and a serious civil war and devastating drought have caused a widespread famine throughout the country. Numerous international relief organizations have sent food and medical aid, but Somalian rebels have confiscated the varying supplies and either used it for themselves, or destroyed it. By late 1992, the nation was in complete anarchy, and hundreds of thousands of Somalians were dying, from starvation, dehydration, or fighting. In response, a U.S. military force entered Somalia to try to restore order and ensure that suffering Somalians received food and medical care. Thanks to these rescuing efforts, millions of people were saved from sure death (Robbins 93). Since its beginning, America has faced the ever-continuing problem of how to handle its foreign policies. When looking at the options, there are often two general ideas: isolationism and interventionism. An isolationist nation avoids allies, and avoids getting involved with foreign affairs and conflicts. ...

Natural Gas and Its use as a Alternative Fuel Compared to Gasoline Ess

Natural Gas and Its use as a Alternative Fuel Compared to Gasoline Have you ever confused the terms â€Å"Natural Gas† and â€Å"Gasoline†? Well don’t, because they are two very different types of gases. Natural gas and Gasoline are considered fossil fuels to most scientists because it is believed they were formed from the remains of sea animals and plants that died 200-400 million years ago. These sea animals were then covered by layers of sediment and rock over time which caused them to become buried deeper and deeper, until enormous amounts of pressure and heat turned them into oil and gas. Raw natural gas is a mixture of different gasses and the main ingredient is methane, a natural compound that is formed whenever plant and animal matter decays. On the other hand, gasoline is made from crude oil, which is a mixture of hydrocarbons (compounds containing hydrogen and carbons). Gasoline is most commonly known as the gas that you use in your car to help your engine run. In a car's engine, oxygen is mixed with a fine mist of gasoline which is ignited by a spark, causing the combustion reaction to take place. This all takes place within a cylinder of your car. When the fuel/air mixture "explodes" (or combusts) in the cylinder, the expansion of gases from the mini-explosion pushes a piston; this movement is what ultimately makes your wheels move. A greenhouse gas is then emitted, called carbon dioxide- which contributes to global warming. (â€Å"How does car pollution affect the ozone layer and Environment?† King, Jennifer SFGate n.d. Web.) An alternative fuel such as natural gas has been considered by many scientists as a much more environmentally friendly gas on the environment that could run automob... ...uld be the right way to go due to its cleanliness and cost. Natural gas burns clean due to its naturalness. According the NGVAmerica, Natural gas costs about $1.50- $2.50 per gallon of gas. This type of change in gas would kill two birds with one stone, bye reducing prices for the people’s benefits and reduce greenhouse pollution, for the environment’s benefit. Works Cited . (â€Å" How natural gas Vehicles Work†.How stuffworks.n.d) (www.NEED.org 2011). . (www.NEED.org 2011) . (â€Å"What Is Hydraulic Fracturing?† Propublica.org.) (â€Å"How does car pollution affect the ozone layer and Environment?† King, Jennifer SFGate n.d. Web.) (Preston, Benjamin â€Å"I Feel Gassy† 5.8.12) Picture 1 – â€Å"Seismic Graphing Natural Gas & Tech†. NaturalGas.org) Picture 2- (â€Å" Natural gas & Tech.† Natural gas.org) Picture 3 – )â€Å"Comparing Natural Gas Vs. Other Fuels.†.Wb Web.) Socal gas.nd

The treatment plan

A client profile:   John Moran is a thirty-four year old man who lives with his fiancà ©e in the town centre of Galway. He is the bar manager of a local venue and is a singer in a rock band. He is a very busy man and seldom has time for himself. His job is very stressful as his boss puts him under a lot of pressure.He also finds dealing with drunken customers very stressful and often ends the night with a headache. He doesn’t get much sleep ( about six hours a night at the most) because he finds it hard to switch his brain off when he is trying to sleep and doesn’t have a day off. He is a non-smoker but feels that the smokey working atmosphere is having a toll on his lungs. On average he does at least one gig a week with his own band. They play all over the country so he spends a lot of time traveling at the weekend. Although he puts a lot of time into the band, organising bookings etc he finds this very enjoyable. He does find however those things can get on top of him and he gets a bit overwhelmed. Because of the amount of time he spends at work he gets little time to exercise. He was once very fit, he use to work on a building site, but would see himself as been very unfit now. He has put on a bit of weight over the last couple of years and is finding it hard to lose it as he loves his sweet stuff and eats a lot of microwave meals.The treatment plan: Because John Moran has no serious health problems, and I found no areas of tension or stiffness, I intend to make John’s sessions as relaxing as possible. I will put more emphasis on effleurage and petrissage movements and stray away from frictions and percussion. This will also help him with his sleeping problems. I will try to make the session as relaxing as possible to help him get some time away from his stresses. I will encourage him to try to eat more healthily and try to take some exercise. I will suggest that he cuts down on his caffeine intake and try to relax a bit more.SESSION ONEDetails of how the client felt du ring and after the treatment:   John Moran seemed to be a bit nervous at the beginning of the session so I asked him what his concerns where. He told me that he had never gone for a massage session before and wasn’t really sure what was going to happen. I explained that he would be covered with towels at all times apart from the area that I was working on.I explained that I would start on his legs, go to his abdomen, followed by his head shoulders and arms. I would then ask him to turn over and I would work on the back of his body. I told him that if at any time he was feeling uncomfortable, tender or in pain to let me know. He seemed a bit calmer and relaxed after this and so we proceeded with the session.Reflective practise:   Judging by the amount of stress that John is under form work I was expected to find areas of tension in his body. However over the entire message I found no area of significant stiffness or tension. All his muscles seemed quite relaxed.Details of home care advice given:   For homecare advice I suggested that he cut down on his caffeine intake as this may be a factor in his sleeping patterns. I also encouraged him to drink plenty of water as he drinks very little to none at the moment. I also suggested that he cut down on his sweet and biscuit intake and try to eat a more balanced diet.

Dying with Dignity (Euthanasia)

By Valbona H. Bajrami Table of confine basis. 3 History of mercy killing 4 Medicine.. 5 ethics. Religion views 7 Emotion 8 Conclusion9 References 10 Introduction People aim been distraint from depot ailmentes for centuries. Some physicians studyd that these bulk should non scram to suffer if that was their wishes. They had come up with the commemorateer of mercy killing mercy killing is the utilise of cease the life of a few be in a inflictionless guidance.Some pot destine that euthanasia is a iniquity incisively analogous murder some others think that euthanasia is necessary for those volume who atomic number 18 in unbearable pain and go through no cure. The term, euthanasia comes from the Greek words eu meaning good, and thanatos meaning demise, and is know as mercy killing or abeted suicide, usu whole in ally practiced on a last-placely ill psyche. In some countries, euthanasia is level-headed and a triad person can assist suicide under ac credited conditions. some religions and health check practiti one and only(a)rs opposed the idea of euthanasia and potently claimed it to be illegal.The contestation on euthanasia is expected to continue in the future beca procedure there be two pros and cons to euthanasia. (Sandhyarani, 2011) When asked if doctors should be foregoed to finish up the life of a pertinaciousanimous who is suffering from a last(a) illness and wants to make it, 75% of Americans verbalize yes. Although, euthanasia is prohibited by law in well-nigh states of the USA, this poll was lay down on statistics of Gallup Organization in 2007. In 2010, based on Angus Reid Public touch, 70% of Americans were pro when asked the equivalent question. Opinion canvass/Surveys, 2011 ) The important terms that help to separate and classify euthanasia by typeface be voluntary, which is a remnant perform by other with the consent of the person beingness killed, involuntary, which is a decease per formed by a nonher without the consent of the person being killed, vigorous euthanasia, were patients death is ca utilize by specific steps such as injecting the patient with poison, and still euthanasia, which is usually defined as withdrawing medical checkup treatment with the deliberate intention of create the patients death. History of euthanasiaEuthanasia has a very mature history, and this theme has been both opposed and def eradicateed since quaint times. The start-off who used the word, euthanasia, was a Roman historian, Suetonius. Based on criticisms that were do in the address of those who leave practiced euthanasia, it is sour that the first traces of euthanasia started in Mesopotamia, River ag assort in India and in antediluvian patriarch Israel. In the 16th century the first tri providede of euthanasia came by Thomas Mores, who said When there is no cure and a patient suffers too much, the patient should be convinced to die.The patient should get to that his illness is incurable, he is a lodge to others and his suffering causes pity for state around him. In ancient Greece, when the physician gave medicine to the patient who was suffering extreme pain, and had an incurable store illness, classical Greek philosopher Plato powerfully back up this perform. He as well as believed that cordially and physically ill persons should be left to death because they do non view the compensate to vital.The first objection to euthanasia came from the condemnation of most famous ancient Greek physician Hippocratic, which judgesI depart not administer poison to whateverone when asked to do so, nor apprize such a course. In ancient Rome, euthanasia was a crime and this action was accepted as killing person on purpose. For the first time in the 17th century in Prussia, the person who killed the patient with an incurable disease was penalise as a guilty man. Euthanasia was both criticized and def set asideed in the 20th century. In b eginning of the 20th century, the trends of legalization of euthanasia began in the United States, but the presidential term idnt accept these proposals, redden though 53% of American physicians defended euthanasia. (Erdemir, 2001) In1935 the euthanasia Society of England was formed to promote euthanasia, then in 1939, the first legalization of euthanasia was in Nazi Germ whatever. The Nazi doctors took the lives of thousands of their fellow citizens on orders from the goernment. In 1996, in Australia the euthanasia went into effect, but it was tip over by the Parliament in 1997. The places where euthanasia is legal ar Oregon, Washington, Switzerland, Netherlands and Belgium. MedicineEuthanasia, sometimes cognise as mercy-killing, is the intentional ending of a patients life by a physician, usually by lethal injection. One of the most know physicians who practiced euthanasia was bull Kevorkian. He was a pathologist, and commonly known as Dr. Death. From June 1990 through Jan uary 1996, 27 people died use one of Kevorkians machines, and in total he said that he assisted at least cxxx patients to end their lives. In 1999, Kevorkian was found guilty, and served octad years of a 10-to-25-year prison denounce for chip degree murder.He was released on parole on June 1, 2007 on the condition that he would not offer suicide advice to every other person. I will admit, handle Socrates and Aristotle and Plato and some other philosophers, that there atomic number 18 instances where the death penalty would seem appropriate. (Kevorkian) The euthanasia device is a machine engineered to allow an unmarried to die speedyly with token(prenominal) pain. They whitethorn be operated by a physician, or by the person indirect request to die. In 1989 Kevorkian distinguishd his original death machine called Thanatron.This device involved an individual pushing a button that released drugs or chemicals that would end his or her own life. The second model he used was ca lled Mercitron. It was resembling to the first one, except a gasolene mask fed by a canister of carbon monoxide was attached to a face mask with a tube. The third model was invented by Philip Nitschke, who is an Australian medical doctor. He named his device Deliverance railcar which was programmed to ask the patient a serial of questions, that, if answered correctly, a lethal injection of barbiturates was automatically administered.In 2008, Dr. Nitschke invented another(prenominal) device called Exits Euthanasia Device witch used an ordinary barbeque gas bottle, make full with nitrogen and a plastic suicide bag. The gas is more psychological, with no play of adverse reply. So its extremely quick and there ar no drugs. significantly this doesnt fail its reliable, peaceful, and available and with the additional eudaemonia of undetectability. (Philip Nitschke) Ethics agree to Garn LeBaron, the patient, his loved ones and the physicians all face good dilemmas when determi ning whether euthanasia is an ethical choice.Most physicians that are against euthanasia believe that for hundreds of years of tradition, the doctors were dedicated to healing patients, not killing them. On an individual level, the person must make a closing whether or not to end their life. They whitethorn believe that based on their self-importance interest and their personal benefit, it would be correct to die believing they would be a financial, physical or emotional burden to their families should they live out their illness until their body dies on its own.In contrast, they may choose to live for the good of others and for the sake of loved ones, to dispense with them the pain and turmoil to make and re attest such a decision. Should the family have to go out mercy killing due to a family member being in a permanent vegetative state, then they would have to consider quality of life versus think of of life in general. They may likewise follow through on any wishes the p atient may have made known prior to the vegetative state. The physicians moral ethical issues are that they have a duty to defend life at all cost but also have a duty to respect the wishes of their patient.I fully realize that there are times when those who have the noble duty to tend the throw off and the death are deeply travel by the sufferings of their patients Then, perhaps, it seems that universal moral principles are mere abstractions having little to do with the hurt of the dying. But of course we do not see best when our eyes are filled with tears. (Layton, 1997 ) Religion views According to Michigans unearthly Leaders Forum, a group of Christian, Jewish and Muslim leaders, those who promote this last, fatal run as a right should toy with that such a right may quickly become an expectation and, finally, even a duty to die.They revere that lastly some individuals and families will be pressure to put financial concerns above the bribe of loved ones. The Roman Cath olic church considers euthanasia as a crime against life and a crime against perfection. The Catholic Church is against the practice of euthanasia. According to the Holy Bible, Jesus Christ has a cast for each life, and unawaresening that plan interrupts what he wants to accomplish in that person. Although Protestants are part of Christianity, on the other side, they take more liberal views, and they offered religious arguments and subscribe for limited forms of euthanasia.Among Protestantism, Judaism has become divided . Jewish thinkers oppose voluntary euthanasia but the preponderance of anti-euthanasia sentiment has shifted in new-fashioned years to increasing support for certain passive euthanasia options. In the same way as Roman Catholic Church, Islam categorically forbids all forms of suicide and any action that may help another to kill them. The Islamic prophet Mohammed refuses to purge the body of a person who had affiliated suicide. Islamic jurisprudence, based on a convincing interpretation of the holy Koran, does not recognize a persons right to die voluntarily.In Hinduism there are two points of view on euthanasia. By helping to end a horrifying life a person is perform a good deed, but on the other hand a person is disturbing the timing of the cycle of death and rebirth. The Jainism religion, without hesitation supports euthanasia because they think that expiration from the cycles of lives is the primary objective in the religion. Similarly, in Shinto religion, the prolongation of life using artificial means is a smutty act against life, so most of the people who practice this religion support the practice of euthanasia. Religious views on euthanasia) Emotions The euthanasia debate is quite controversial. Many people have their own opinions, but to truly consider euthanasia and decide if you are for or against it, it is important to look at a real life story. Angela Belucciu who was diagnosed with cancer, and a wiz of euthanasia sa id You cant imagine, living with the fear of facing death itself is not chilling for me, the manner of my death at the present time without Nembutal or some matter like that, without that my end, my death is not pleasant.Anyone can describe the pain experienced by people with terminal illness, but to feel the pain the way they do, we must be in their skin. To listen and experience are altogether different acts. Although the number of supporters, according to statistics is high, some clinics have gone too far. Dignitas is a Swiss assisted dying group that helps those with terminal illness, and severe physical and mental illnesses to die assisted by do doctors and nurses. thither was a shocking discipline that happened in this clinic, when a doctor had committed suicide after he found out that he had helped a woman, with a false diagnosis, die.The statement of Dignitas staff testified that disregardless of medical condition, it does not matter what people are suffering from, they do not refuse anyone. (Vanderheyden, 2005). Questions arise whether it is right to legitimise euthanasia only for people with terminal illness, or whether it will be reckon by physicians and clinics? Certainly it would be unvoiced to get answers because in such cases the reaction of family members and loved ones would encourage debate in society at large. Conclusion Euthanasia has been practiced for hundreds of years all over the world by thousands of people from all walks of life.Religions have different views on the use of physician assisted suicides some would say it is selfish of the family and patient to not let their God decide when it is their time to die and others would agree that it is a merciful way to end suffering for the dying person. There is and always will be strong ethical views on helping persons end their suffering. However, with the help of a practicing physician, it can also be seen as an inhumane decision or a loving decision. The ethical views are documen ted and are strongly stated either way.The only thing that will matter in the end is how the family interprets their decision. It wont matter how long it was practiced for, who started it, which religious groups agree or disagree, ethical views from either side of this exceedingly debatable issue, or any credentials regarding euthanasia, the family will have only one person in mind when deciding to help their loved one end their suffering or not. It cannot be an free decision because of the abuses that might occur, or by any means for either the dying person or the family, for in the end the ones who go on living will have to live with what they have decided.References crab louse patient to fight on for legal euthanasia. (2008, March 8). ABC News. Retrieved from http//www. abc. net. au/ word of honor/stories/2008/03/06/2182060. htm? site=news Erdemir, A. D. (2001, March). A short history of euthanasia laws. The Eubios Ethics institute Retrieved from http//www. eubios. info/EJ1 12/EJ112F. htm Euthanasia device. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Euthanasia_device Jack Kevorkian. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jack_Kevorkian Kevorkian, J. (2001 2011).Jack Kevorkian Quotes. brilliant Quote. Retrieved from http//www. brainyquote. com/quotes/authors/j/jack_kevorkian. html Layton, R. (1997 , June). Discussion chemical group Report. Humanists of Utah. Retrieved from http//www. humanistsofutah. org/1997/IsEuthanasiaEthical_DiscGrp_6-97. html LeBaron, G. (1993-2010). The Ethics of Euthanasia. Quantonics. Retrieved from http//www. quantonics. com/The_Ethics_of_Euthanasia_By_Garn_LeBaron. html Opinion Polls/Surveys. (2011 , August 17). ProCon Euthanasia . Retrieved from http//euthanasia. procon. org/view. resource. hp? resourceID=000134 Quotations on Euthanasia. (n. d. ). Euthanasia. com. Retrieved from http//www. euthanasia. com/quotationsoneuthanasia. html Religious views on euthanasia. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Religious_views_on_euthanasia Sandhyarani, N. (2011, August 24). History of Euthanasia. Buzzle. com. Retrieved from http//www. buzzle. com/articles/history-of-euthanasia. html The veritable Jack Kevorkian. (2011). Patients Rights Council. Retrieved from http//www. patientsrightscouncil. org/site/the-real-jack-kevorkian/