Sustainable Building Material... - 24522 Words

Green Building A Guide to Sustainable Building Materials and Methods in Santa Cruz County Funded through waste reduction grants from the City and County of Santa Cruz Departments of Public Works, and in cooperation with Ecology Action. Green Building: A Guide to Sustainable Building Materials and Methods in Santa Cruz County  © 2004, Ecology Action of Santa Cruz Principal Authors: Barry Hooper Karsten Mueller, Ecology Action Editor Kiosk/Graphic Designer: Jenny Shelton, Shelton Design Table of Contents General Requirements Introduction to Green Building Construction Waste Reduction Recycled Content Materials Reusable, Recyclable, Biodegradable Materials Deconstruction 2 4 5 6 7 This booklet, which offers a broad†¦show more content†¦Such a material would be infinitely reusable or recyclable.1 â€Å"Perfect† materials are rare, but in practice, there are a growing number of green materials that reduce or eliminate negative impacts on people and the environment. As manufacturers, building professionals, and owners constantly strive for better buildings, we encourage others in the supply chain to join us in pursuit of a better world. Incorporating green products into a project does not imply sacrifice in performance, or aesthetics, and does not necessarily entail higher cost. While one can spend considerably more for green materials, careful shoppers will find cost-competitive environmentally-preferable options. For example, a joint US EPA/Army study of more than 2200 paints showed environmentally preferable options cost an average of $1.76 less per gallon 2 gallon. Considerations This booklet offers simple suggestions to help select greener options for a wide array of common materials, and provides references to resources for more detailed information. For materials not included in this document, the checklist in the appendix and the sidebars of pages 2-3 can help you to organize your analysis. The evaluation of materials is based upon three questions: †¢ Is the material renewable and resource efficient in its manufacture, installation, use, and disposal? †¢ Does the material support the health and well being of occupants, construction personnel, the public, and the environment? The most criticalShow MoreRelatedBuilding Materials : A Sustainable Design And The Place Of Traditional Materials9535 Words   |  39 Pages â€Å"Buildings consume more resources than necessary, negatively impact the environment, and generate a large amount of waste.† U.S. Department of Energy, 2003 The challenge, today, is to build intelligently, so that buildings use a minimum of non-renewable resources and produce a minimum of pollution and wastes, while increasing the well-being of the occupants. This paper is an effort to understand the importance of building materials’ selection in sustainable design and the place of traditionalRead MoreIs Bamboo A Sustainable Alternative Building Material For Light Weight Construction?1703 Words   |  7 PagesIs bamboo a sustainable alternative building material for light weight construction in Southeast Asia? 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the study 　　　　Concrete, brick, wood and steel are the prominent materials used for construction around the world. However, due to the high expenses of steel and timber, researches have been made to discover a new alternative for these materials with a lower and more economic cost. 　　　　Bamboo is becoming more and more popular as building materials in the constructionRead MoreOriginal Design Planning : The Barclays Center1747 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has found the Barclays Center violating the control of hazardous waste from the small quantity handlers as well as the emissions from its generators (Brooklyn Daily Eagles, 2014). Steel Framing Material Durability and Resistance to Harsh Climatic Condition The Barclays Center employed pre-weathered steel. This type of steel forms a rust-like look when left exposed to the environment for various years. The steel, therefore, becomes corrosion resistantRead MoreDesign The Earth Sciences Building At The University Of British Columbia1744 Words   |  7 Pagesdesign the Earth Sciences Building (ESB) at the University of British Columbia. ESB is designed to develop the growing relations between the Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmosphere, the Department of Statistics, the Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences, the Dean of Science and the Pacific Museum of the Earth, providing important chances for shared learning and partnership. Placed along Main Mall, the primary north-south pedestrian route on campus, the building provides opportunity to addRead MoreA Brief Note On Cross Laminated Timber Act909 Words   |  4 PagesCross Laminated Timber Over the past few decades, practitioners and researchers across the world have managed to make advancements in building system technologies that require the use of large dimension engineered wood panel elements, columns and beams. Commonly referred to as â€Å"mass timber†, these engineered wood products have given builders and designers the ability to construct large scale structures with higher performance for commercial use. Mass timber has revolutionized the use of wood inRead MoreClt : A Sustainable Building Material Through An Exploration Of Not Only Its Innate Qualities1862 Words   |  8 PagesThe building industry has long been overpowered by the use of a select number of construction materials, largely concrete, masonry and steel. In more recent times however, an increased emphasis has been placed on environmental sustainability within the architectural realm and as a result, cross laminated timber (CLT) is becoming a more prominent building material due to its de sign flexibility, cost-competiveness, structural integrity and most importantly, its sustainable attributes. CLT was firstlyRead MoreThe Price to Become Green1280 Words   |  5 PagesIt has been stated in the past that there is not a significant difference between the price of green and non-green products and materials. Therefore, there is no significant difference between the price of normal homes and zero carbon homes. It is believed that green buildings are considered to be expensive as usually all kind of new modern building methods tend to be more expensive, according to my questionnaire this is also true. I noticed that 60% of the people I interviewed thought that zeroRead MoreThe Plaza Was Owned By The Aggressive And Ambitious Sohel Rana1269 Words   |  6 Pagesapproval from the local government authorities. Sohel Rana (like building owners in general) was able to take advantage of the loopholes in the system through his ties to political allies and his wealth. Not only did he ensure that inspections were rarely performed, but was also able to bribe officials to build on a rejected, unsuitable plot of land, to add additional floors to the building, and to persuade workers to enter the building despite the cracks and warnings from engineers. Also, he allegedlyRead MoreBamboo As A Low Cost, Eco Friendly Manner2571 Words   |  11 Pagesis the easy availability of the material especially in India. The use of bamboo as a structural construction material is also gaining popularity primarily because it is a rapidly growing material which makes it sustainable. It has many positive engineering attributes such as its high strength and durability. The goal of assessing bamboo’s potential to meet construction techniques as a low-cost, eco-friendly manner. Keywords: bamboo, easy availability, sustainable, low cost construction, eco friendlyRead MoreEarthship1214 Words   |  5 PagesEarthship Design, Materials, and Sustainability Earthship design is a movement initiated by Michael Reynolds. Earthship Biotecture is a method of architecture and design that incorporates recycled materials, earthen materials, and renewable energy sources into a sustainable and self-sufficient home. The purpose of this according to Michael Reynolds it to achieve energy independence, sustainable housing, and relieve the burdens of stress on the environment from conventional building methods while

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 3708 Words

1. Set in a futuristic, dystopian civilization, Fahrenheit 451 trailed the crumbling of society and values as technology replaced intellect. It discussed several issues that resulted from excessive machinery and an overpowering government. Thus, the setting and genre of this story undoubtedly affected its plot in countless ways. Without the specific setting and genre that the author, Ray Bradbury, provided, this novel would have been unconvincing and inane. Evidently, it was a science fiction novel, as shown by the futuristic setting and various technological advancements. This genre made certain parts more believable, while generating interest and originality. Similarly, the setting of Fahrenheit 451 was a great factor in†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, the time period was arguably the most vital factor in supporting the storyline and themes. The plot of Fahrenheit 451 was set in the future, a central aspect in determining how the story would progress. For example, this allowed the inventions to be more realistic, while permitting Bradbury to remain imaginative. This was evident through various details in the story, such as when Mildred was discussing atomic wars. â€Å"‘We’ve started and won two atomic wars since 2022!’† (Bradbury 69). The fact that it was after 2022 and that there had been nuclear wars showed that it was set in the future. The futuristic setting greatly affected the story, because it not only presented numerous inventions, but also created a very different lifestyle. Everyone was supposedly happy, having fun, and watching the television family. New medical treatments had been developed, and people no longer needed to think or work, because machines had been invented for all tasks. The plot focused on abandoning values that are important to us today, and the futuristic setting was a key factor in supporting this. For instance, violence and death were far more common, as exhibited by both Clarisse and Montag’s observations. America’s democratic government had become oppressive and controlling. Furthermore, without the futuristic setting, the author could not have created a realistic novel about burning literature and the rapid decline in intellect. Colleges

All Animals Are Equal By Peter Singer - 1487 Words

In Peter Singer’s piece â€Å"All Animals Are Equal†, he begins his argument by an in-depth consideration of notable rights movements, such as the Black Liberation and women’s rights movement, then segues into the justification for equal consideration of rights regarding animals, before finally exposing the immorality behind factory farming and animal cruelty. According to Singer, â€Å"the basic principle of equality†¦is equality of consideration; and equal consideration for different beings may lead to different treatment and different rights† (Singer 1974, 506). Based off proposed animals’ rights to equal consideration, Singer formats his main arguments against factory farming and the mistreatment of animals in general. These arguments stem from†¦show more content†¦In Stanley Benn’s â€Å"Egalitarianism and Equal Consideration of Interests†, it is explained that animals and human imbeciles are distinguished not becaus e of fundamental inequality, but solely on the basis that the two subjects are of different species. In regard to animals’ moral rights and the infringement of those rights due to the practice of speciesism, Singer employs a utilitarian style of argument to defend animals’ moral rights; in short, the interests of each being which is involved should be taken into consideration and said interests should be given the same weight as that of another being. Speciesism is morally wrong because it attempts to assign undeserved weight to the interests of beings of separate species, solely based off the difference of species. Naturally, or rather unnaturally, human beings have always awarded themselves the utmost importance due to the idea of human dignity, as in humans occupy the central spot within any earthly ranking. Logically, Singer argues that the practice of speciesism is wrong because the conditions in which it exists are synonymous to the conditions which facilitate ra cism and sexism, before they had been recognized asShow MoreRelatedAll Animals Are Equal By Peter Singer1915 Words   |  8 Pagesraising and killing the cows, the cows are merely a means to an end. In â€Å"All Animals Are Equal†, Peter Singer, a utilitarian, claims that any being that has the capacity for suffering should be given the right to equal consideration (153). Singer is against speciesism, which is the belief that all and only human beings deserve a full and equal moral status, or that one non-human species is superior over another non-human species. Singer argues that a being’s level of moral capacity and intellectual abilityRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Peter Singer, All Animals Are Equal977 Words   |  4 PagesSinger, All Animals are Equal In order to understand Peter Singers article All Animals Are Equal, one has to look at his viewpoint and perspective. Singer is a utilitarian, which is someone who believes that best outcome is something that causes that greatest amount of pleasure (or the least amount of pain) for the greatest number of people. However, in this definition the word people is used, as to mean only humans. This is the point that Singer is trying to argue. Who is to say that animalsRead MoreCompare Tom Regan, Carl Cohen and Peter Singer in Terms of Animal Rights813 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis Tom Regan, Carl Cohen, Peter Singer Animal rights are one of the most controversial issues today. There has been endless debate about whether or not animals have rights. Philosophers attempt to come up with the moral conclusions by taking in account the many different standpoints and presenting their related arguments. In his essay â€Å"The case of animal rights†, Tom Regan, a professor of philosophy at North Carolina State University, defends his view that the center of our moral concernRead MoreThe Origin Of Speciesism By Peter Singer1025 Words   |  5 PagesThe Origin of Speciesism] Singer draws parallels between specicism and racism through comparing the grounds on which whose interests and suffering takes precedence. Singer believes that discarding the moral status of animal concerns in their exploitation as they are not of our species and therefore insignificant, mimics that of the prejudice of white slave owners against discarding the moral status of the interests and suffering of their African Slaves [Peter Singer Practical Ethics, 2nd edition]Read MoreEssay on ANIMAL RIGHTS790 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals have their own rights as do to humans and we should respect that and give them the same respect we give each other. Animals deserve to be given those same basic rights as humans. All humans are considered equal and ethical principles and legal statutes should protect the rights of animals to live according to their own nature and remain free from exploitation. This paper is going to argue that animals deserve to have the same rights as humans and therefore, we don’t have the right to killRead MoreEqually Consider This1419 Words   |  6 PagesIn Peter Singer’s All Animals are Equal, he presents an argument for equal consideration for members of nonhuman species, otherwise known as animals. In this paper, I will argue that Singer’s argument does not prove that animals are deserving of equal consideration because it contains a premise that is not obviously true. The premise I believe to be inadequately supported is the premise that there is no property that all human sentient creatures have that not all sentient creatures have that wouldRead MoreArgument Against Animal Experimentation : Peter Singer And Tom Regan1035 Words   |  5 PagesExperimentation on animals has been a controversial issue for hundreds of years and is still a major issue today. However, we have continued to experiment on animals to test the effects of products such as makeup. Both Peter Singer and Tom Regan would have strong opinions against this experimentation, but they would also have different ways of expressing their view on the topic. They have expressed that animals should be considered to a certain extent that humans and other animals should be treatedRead MoreThe Canadian Inuit And Animals For Supplies1038 Words   |  5 Pages For many of years animal activists have been trying to put a stop to all animal hunting, abuse, using animals for supplies. The problem with doing this is that it may effect a large amount of people who live off of these animals, in particularly the seal. The Canadian Inuit is a large group of people about 46,000 people as an estimation, that use seals as a multi source. The Canadian Inuit use the seal for a source of cash through fur sales, they used the seal for meat, and once used seal forRead MoreEthical Issue Of Animal Testing For Medical Research961 Words   |  4 Pageshe ethical issue of animal testing for medical testing is not new, for example the majority of the common vaccines were developed because medical research that utilized animal testing. Many philosophers have attempted to explain the rights of animals and some wrote on the lack of inherent rights. This issue is difficult because animals can’t speak for themselves but humans do have a place to play in th e fight for animal rights. I will apply the principle of utility along with the moral theories ofRead MoreEqual Rights for Animals in Peter Singer’s Article, All Animals are Equal652 Words   |  3 Pages In Peter Singer’s article, All Animals are Equal, Singer claims that animals deserve the same equal rights and respect that the human lives get. His strongest argument is defined by all animals, human or non-human shall be defined as equal. Singer makes some very strong arguments within his article, but I feel some of his statements are humanist. As an animal lover and mother to two pets, I disagree that not all animals or living things endure the same amount. However, I do agree that animals

Autism Social Spectrum, Communication, And Difficulty

Discussion In the interviews gathered, the researcher was trying to gain knowledge of what people think autism is and how they feel towards those who have autism. The most important finding in this was study was most people had a different experience with those with autism and most did not know what autism specifically is. This is the most important finding because the interviews helped gain a different perspective from what the literature said. Interviews were very interesting for the researcher to gain these insights from interviewees. The answers give insight into perceptions individuals have of experience and judgments interviewees have of autistic people. The five themes: social spectrum, communication, difficulty, repetition/memorization, and cruel/ignorance/assumption, could help explain how people think of those who have autism because perceptions helps gain a different perspective from the actual literature. Some of these themes support the general research question about ho w those who have autism are perceived. The themes social spectrum, communication, and difficulty benefit to uncover the way those with autism are perceived and how people feel about them. Autism spectrum disorder has been found that socializing is much easier with friends than with someone if autistic children knew them from somewhere such as school (Kuo et al., 2011). During interviews with children who have autism spectrum disorder found socializing much harder to show their personality,Show MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesAutism is a neurological disorder with many forms and severities, better known as autism spectrum disorder, that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout the individual’s life. Autism spectrum disorder is defined as developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges (CDC). Previously, autism was recognized in distinct groups and types. Now, autism is r eferred to as a spectrum because there is an overlap among all the different forms of autismRead MoreHow Children With Autism? Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesHow Children with Autism can be Supported in Education? Autism affects the individuals’ social interactions and the social construction of the world (National Autistic society, 2015). Children with Autism follow a different developmental pattern from other children and develop at the different rate. It could be understood as a social/psychological disability. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) – is a neurological condition that affects the way a person experiences and interacts with the world. ChildrenRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1502 Words   |  7 Pageslive with is called Autism Spectrum Disorder. With early diagnosis, intervention, and proper treatment, some children with Autism Spectrum Disorder possibly can lead independent lives. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a â€Å"developmental disability that cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges† (Autism, 2015a). The word â€Å"spectrum† refers to â€Å"a wide range of symptoms, skills and levels of impairment or disability that children with ASD can have† (Autism, 2015b). ASD is â€Å"notRead MoreMost people take the simple things in life for granted. But for others those simple things are1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthose simple things are great struggles. Things like social skills and staying focused are struggles for people with autism. When you look up the definition of autism the most common thing that pops up is â€Å"Difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors† (What is Autism?). But the difficulties for people with autism vary with each type they have. In the five different disorders in ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders), there are many variations of sym ptoms andRead MoreTreating Autism Spectrum Disorders1025 Words   |  5 PagesAutism spectrum disorders are a class of developmental brain disorders with symptoms that range widely with each affected individual. Autism is a disorder that varies in severity of social interaction and communication that can benefit from the help of different types of treatment. Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, autism, pervasive development disorder, and non pervasive developmental disorder are disorders on the autism spectrum with differing levels of intensity. Treatments for autism includeRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder and its Causes Essay906 Words   |  4 Pagesfifty children was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Since then, there has been a drastic increase on the incidents of this disorder. In 2013, according to the Centers for Disease Control, Autism spectrum disorder occurs in one out of eighty eight children. (CDC, 2013) That is a significant increase over a relatively short p eriod of time. With such an increase, it is important to learn what autism spectrum disorder is and what might cause it. Autism spectrum disorder is the term used forRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Autism Spectrum Disorders ( Asd )949 Words   |  4 Pages 1. What are the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)? As described in the textbook, there is a broad range of characteristics associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). One of the first characteristics noted with ASD is language deficits, or using language in â€Å"odd† ways. As stated in the textbook, â€Å"Children with classic autism may be nonverbal. Alternatively, they may have significant language difficulties, so that their language may consist primarily of echolalia or delayedRead MorePervasive Development or Autistic Spectrum Disorders Essay1056 Words   |  5 Pagesare characterized by distortions in the development of the basic psychological functions such as language, social skills, attention, perception, reality testing, and movement. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pervasivedevelopmentaldisorder Pervasive developmental disorder was first used in the 1980’s to describe this class of neurological disorders that can impair social and communication skills and repetitive behaviors. PDD itself is not actually a disorder. It’s a description. It is somewhatRead MoreAutism Is Not Just One Disorder And It Affects The Normal Development Of A Child s Brain1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States will result in a child with autism. According to the Autism Society of America, it is reported as the fastest-growing disability, reaching epidemic proportions at a rate of 10-17 percent per year. Most parents recognize the signs and symptoms of autism anytime between birth and the first three years of their child’s life. Autism is classified as a neurological disorder and it affects the normal development of a child’s brain. Autism is not just one disorder, but a group of relatedRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1722 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosed wit h the Autism spectrum disorder in other words (ASD), which is about one percent of the world’s population. And that more than three point five million people in America live with a person who has the Autism spectrum disorder. We all know that Autism is a spectrum disorder in which an abnormality is developed in the brain. It is a long life condition that has no cure for itself. People who have Autism face many difficulties in their communication and their social skills. They tend to

The Fifteenth Amendment Free Essays

The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote-based on that citizen’s â€Å"race, color, or previous condition of servitude†. It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments. In the final years of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed, Congress repeatedly debated the rights of the millions of black former slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fifteenth Amendment or any similar topic only for you Order Now By 1869, amendments had been passed to abolish slavery and provide citizenship and equal protection under the laws, but the narrow election of Ulysses S. Grant to the presidency in 1868 convinced a majority of Republicans that protecting the franchise of black voters was important for the party’s future. After rejecting more sweeping versions of a suffrage amendment, Congress proposed a compromise amendment banning franchise restrictions on the basis of race, color, or previous servitude on February 26, 1869. The amendment survived a difficult ratification fight and was adopted on March 30, 1870.United States Supreme Court decisions in the late nineteenth century interpreted the amendment narrowly, and by 1910, most black voters in the South faced obstacles such as poll taxes and literacy tests, from which white voters were exempted by grandfather clauses. A system of whites-only primaries and violent reprisals by groups such as the Ku Klux Klan also suppressed black participation.In the twentieth century, the Court interpreted the amendment more broadly, striking down grandfather clauses in Guinn v. United States (1915) and dismantling the white primary system in the â€Å"Texas primary cases† (1927–1953). Along with later measures such as the Twenty-fourth Amendment, which forbade poll taxes in federal elections, and Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966), which forbade poll taxes in state elections, these decisions significantly increased black participation in the American political system. How to cite The Fifteenth Amendment, Papers

My First Rock Concert free essay sample

I had always wanted to have such an experience and last month my wish was finally granted. I called some friends to come over and help me assemble a pool had recently purchased. They countered my offer of manual labor with a free ticket to the Orion Rock Festival at Batter field in Atlantic City. The pool didnt get assembled on that day. The roads that led to Atlantic City were in a State Of gridlock, bumper to bumper, everyone in a rush to go nowhere. Finally, we made it to Batter field and too much of my dismay there was no parking.I looked down Albany Eve. ND all I could see was an endless wall of automobiles that were trying to deny my long sought after coming of age experience. Twenty minutes, and two miles later, we found parking in an obscure side street parking lot. Once we started the hike back down the road we had just came, I realized that wearing flip-flops would be a decision I would soon regret. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Rock Concert or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The longer we walked the more I lagged behind my companions, which resulted in me calling them twice trying to locate them. The conversations seemed more like a bad version of Marco Polo than an actual phone call. Eventually, the mass exodus from our cars to the promise land of Batter Field was over. Approaching the main entrance, I began to be molested by droves of make- shift merchants trying to sell me anything from shirts that didnt fit, event tickets already had, to substances I didnt want. I was impervious to their cunning tricks, while my friends werent so lucky having bought the exact shirt being sold inside the venue for twice the price.The oppressive summer sun was beginning to set for the day when we got our first glimpse of rock and roll royalty. A bottle of Jack Daniels whiskey in one hand, and generic cola in the there, made my way to the crowd around center stage. While I waited in quite anticipation consuming my beverage faster than intended, the crowd grew from a decent mob to a daunting army of rock . NET assists. People kept pushing by, eager to find the best position to see the stage. Soon I started to notice that people were staring at me.This isnt unusual being 64 I have a habit of sticking out in most crowds. Then I began to realize how ridiculous I must look to them as they did to me. Any of my would-be critics could have been an extra in any of the Mad Max films, wearing ripped up jeans and harts that resembled mini billboards for different bands. Was subsequently wearing a button-down, with khaki shorts topped off with the dreaded flip- flops. Now, having reflected back at my outfit I probably should have changed before heading up to the show.The quite banter of the antsy crowd grew louder and louder until it was a deafening roar as the final moments drew near. When the headliner finally rose from beneath the stage, the crowd went into a wild frenzy. People who had been standing by for nearly an hour, that seemed normal enough, became possessed by the music once the band darted to play its first song. The words that the vocalist used to tell his story no sooner left his lips, when they were immediately echoed back at him as if he was yelling down a well.I could feel every beat of the drum as it radiated through the speakers and vibrated across my skin. I started to experience music in a manner like never before. The aspect of a live concert being raw and unedited was so fulfilling and I started to feel the urge to let go of my inhibitions and join my annalistic brethren in the head banging fist pumping joy of the rock and roll experience. Some people being overwhelmed by the music lost control of their bodies. What started as a mere distraction, quickly developed into a pit of rage induced delirium.I observed men bash their bodies into one another in such a violent manner that many were being thrown to the ground. But too much of my amazement a fist was never thrown, instead when Someone Was knocked to the ground many rushed to his aid to help him back up. This act of civility seemed so out of place that it made the experience all the more memorable. The hours past like moments, he band was finishing its final encore and the exhausted crowd began to disperse.

Site Selection Criteria and Process in Clinical Research Sample - Clic

Question: Describe about the Site Selection Criteria and Process in Clinical Research? Answer: Introduction Success of the clinical research is significantly reliant on the effective site selection. Site refers to the hospital, laboratory or health care setting where the research will be conducted. A proactive planning and identification of the appropriate site selection criteria can be helpful in ensuring success of the clinical trial (Warden et al., 2012). There are various factors that influence the site planning. Recognizing those elements will contribute in discussion of the site selection criteria and procedure for clinical research. The successful site performance can be equated with the potential for delivering qualified subjects along with evaluation of data which have a significant impact on the research outcomes (Harper and Zuckerman, 2006). This paper will focus on analyzing the appropriate site selection criteria along with its procedure. Discussion First of all, it must be noted that there is no ideal site for the clinical research. The researcher needs to outline the required qualities for that specific research. It is important to match the requirements or need of that particular clinical study with the characteristics of the study. One of the most important factors is the experience and qualification of the researcher along with the research staffs for selection of a site. Technical experts must be appointed for indentifying the technical requirements and facilities. Therefore, the researcher must focus on the site experience i.e. the area of clinical research and the therapeutic area (Harper and Zuckerman, 2006). Another important factor that needs to be analyzed is the staffing, workload, resources along with the time commitment of that particular site. The next important thing which needs to be taken into consideration is the interest and enthusiasm of the site for conducting the clinical research. It is essential to anal yze the skills along with the potential of the personnel for this study. Staff turnover rates must be considered as high staff turnover rate may lead to problem for the clinical study (Horsburgh et al., 2013). The functional responsibilities of the site personnel must be analyzed in before selecting the site. The patient population must be studied and need to be compared with the requirement of the clinical study (Kawamoto, 2005). One of the important selection criteria is the technical feasibility and availability of the required equipments. The researcher is responsible for ensuring that the site meets the subject diversity requirements. If the staffs of the site are found to be friendly and customer oriented, it will be favorable for the study. Subject friendly facilities are essential for conducting the clinical study. Financial constraints of a clinical trial or research must be considered at the time of site selection. Hence, the clinical study budget must be fair and reasonab le (Maggon, 2004). The policies and procedures of the ethical review committee must be reviewed. Moreover, the legal procedures of that institution must be analyzed as it is essential to comply with those rules. Operational procedures along with training process at the site must be evaluated as it is one of the most important site selection criteria for clinical research. Audit and GCP compliance history must be reviewed by the site selection committee (Mollon et al., 2009). Another significant criterion is the flexibility of the clinic hours of that hospital. Moreover, the security system and storage facilities of the site need to be scrutinized to ensure appropriate system for the clinical research. These are the principle factors that need to be analyzed at the time of site selection of a clinical research. It is important to match the research requirements with the characteristics of the site on the basis of the discussed factors (The Lancet, 2012). Therefore, the sites will be rated as per matching the research criteria and the site having higher level of competency in terms of the above stated factors, final decision will be taken (Gehring et al., 2013). Conclusion This paper has provided an in depth idea relating to the selection criteria of the site. It is evident that the selection of an appropriate site for clinical research is crucial to its success. Hence, the researchers have focused on designing a procedure for selecting suitable site on the basis of some predetermined selection criteria. The selection criteria will be developed on the basis of nature and requirement of the research. This paper has identified that site experience and interest of the site for conducting research will be considered as major criteria for selecting site. The potential, skills and turnover of human resources are recognized as significant criteria. Additionally, technical feasibility, compliance with legal requirements, security system etc are important factors for selecting site for clinical research. References Gehring, M., Taylor, R., Mellody, M., Casteels, B., Piazzi, A., Gensini, G. and Ambrosio, G. (2013). Factors influencing clinical trial site selection in Europe: the Survey of Attitudes towards Trial sites in Europe (the SAT-EU Study).BMJ Open, 3(11), pp.e002957-e002957. Harper, B. and Zuckerman, D. (2006). Critical Success Factors for Planning for Site Selection and Patient Recruitment Planning.BioExecutive International, 2(6), pp.16-28. Horsburgh, D., Lansang, E., Lee, K., Lee, J., Ogg, M. and Wai, K. (2013). Growing risk avoidance in Asian oncology site selection: how trends in site selection are limiting growth of the Asia cancer trial landscape.OAJCT, p.1. Kawamoto, K. (2005). Improving clinical practice using clinical decision support systems: a systematic review of trials to identify features critical to success.BMJ, 330(7494), pp.765-0. Maggon, K. (2004). Investigator and site selection and performing GCP clinical studies in India.Controlled Clinical Trials, 25(4), pp.366-377. Mollon, B., Chong, J., Holbrook, A., Sung, M., Thabane, L. and Foster, G. (2009). Features predicting the success of computerized decision support for prescribing: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 9(1), p.11. The Lancet, (2012). Clinical research in Europetrials and tribulations.The Lancet, 379(9828), p.1764. Warden, D., Trivedi, M., Greer, T., Nunes, E., Grannemann, B., Horigian, V., Somoza, E., Ring, K., Kyle, T. and Szapocznik, J. (2012). Rationale and methods for site selection for a trial using a novel intervention to treat stimulant abuse.Contemporary Clinical Trials, 33(1), pp.29-37.